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result sql = Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the risk of colorectal cancer in Stockholm, Sweden.
Dietary calcium, vitamin D, and the risk of colorectal cancer in Stockholm, Sweden.
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = c;code = 99
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = [;code = 91
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
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char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
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char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
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char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = -;code = 45
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = j;code = 106
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char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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result sql = The epidemiology of large bowel cancer suggests an etiological role for dietary factors. Although the evidence is inconsistent, several studies have suggested an inverse association between dietary vitamin D or calcium and colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study to examine the relationship between dietary vitamin D and calcium and colorectal cancer among residents of Stockholm, Sweden. Between January 1986 and March 1988, 352 cases of colon cancer and 217 cases of rectal cancer diagnosed among living persons residing in Stockholm County were identified via a cancer surveillance network established among all the hospitals in Sweden and the Stockholm Regional Cancer Registry. Controls (512) were randomly selected from a computerized population registry. Dietary intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire focusing on average consumption during the preceding 5 years. Supplemental intake of vitamin D and calcium was not ascertained. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) as the measure of association between the exposure of interest (vitamin D or calcium) and cancer risk. Increasing levels of dietary vitamin D were inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. The association was somewhat more pronounced for cancers of the rectum [OR, 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-0.9 between the highest and lowest quartiles] than for cancers of the colon (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-1.0) after adjustment for age, sex, and total caloric and protein intake. Dietary calcium was not associated with the adjusted risk of colon (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-2.1) or rectal cancer (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-1.9). Further adjustments for fat and dietary fiber intake, body mass index, and physical activity had little or no effect on the results. These results suggest that dietary vitamin D may reduce the risk of large bowel cancer, particularly rectal cancer. In addition, although some of the previous data suggested a protective effect for calcium against cancers of the large bowel, we could not document such an effect.

Publication: Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 1996 Nov ;5(11)::897-900.
Publication Date: 1996 Nov
Study Author(s): Pritchard, R S;Baron, J A;Gerhardsson de Verdier, M;
Institution: Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont 05009, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
The epidemiology of large bowel cancer suggests an etiological role for dietary factors. Although the evidence is inconsistent, several studies have suggested an inverse association between dietary vitamin D or calcium and colorectal cancer risk. We conducted a population-based case-control study to examine the relationship between dietary vitamin D and calcium and colorectal cancer among residents of Stockholm, Sweden. Between January 1986 and March 1988, 352 cases of colon cancer and 217 cases of rectal cancer diagnosed among living persons residing in Stockholm County were identified via a cancer surveillance network established among all the hospitals in Sweden and the Stockholm Regional Cancer Registry. Controls (512) were randomly selected from a computerized population registry. Dietary intake was assessed using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire focusing on average consumption during the preceding 5 years. Supplemental intake of vitamin D and calcium was not ascertained. Logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) as the measure of association between the exposure of interest (vitamin D or calcium) and cancer risk. Increasing levels of dietary vitamin D were inversely associated with the risk of colorectal cancer. The association was somewhat more pronounced for cancers of the rectum [OR, 0.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.3-0.9 between the highest and lowest quartiles] than for cancers of the colon (OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4-1.0) after adjustment for age, sex, and total caloric and protein intake. Dietary calcium was not associated with the adjusted risk of colon (OR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.7-2.1) or rectal cancer (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.5-1.9). Further adjustments for fat and dietary fiber intake, body mass index, and physical activity had little or no effect on the results. These results suggest that dietary vitamin D may reduce the risk of large bowel cancer, particularly rectal cancer. In addition, although some of the previous data suggested a protective effect for calcium against cancers of the large bowel, we could not document such an effect.
PMID: 8922297

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