char = T;code = 84 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Toxicity and biodegradation of formaldehyde in anaerobic methanogenic culture.
Toxicity and biodegradation of formaldehyde in anaerobic methanogenic culture.char = F;code = 70 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = M;code = 77 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = 3;code = 51 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 5;code = 53 char = -;code = 45 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 4;code = 52 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = (;code = 40 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = 6;code = 54 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = /;code = 47 char = X;code = 88 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = /;code = 47 char = X;code = 88 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = /;code = 47 char = X;code = 88 char = (;code = 40 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 9;code = 57 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 6;code = 54 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = V;code = 86 char = S;code = 83 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = L;code = 76 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 2;code = 50 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = c;code = 99 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = J;code = 74 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = &;code = 38 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 5;code = 53 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = -;code = 45 char = 7;code = 55 char = 3;code = 51 char = 6;code = 54 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Formaldehyde is present in several industrial wastewaters including petrochemical wastes. In this study, the toxicity and degradability of formaldehyde in anaerobic systems were investigated. Formaldehyde showed severe toxicity to an acetate enrichment methanogenic culture. As low as 10 mg/L (0.33 mM) of formaldehyde in the reactor completely inhibited acetate utilization. Formaldehyde, however, was degraded while acetate utilization was inhibited. Degradation of formaldehyde (Initial concentration < or =30 mg/L) followed Monod model with a rate constant, k, of 0.35-0.46 d(-1). At higher initial concentrations (> or =60 mg/L), formaldehyde degradation was inhibited and partial degradation was possible. The initial formaldehyde to biomass ratio, S(0)/X(0), was useful to predict the degradation potential of high formaldehyde concentrations in batch systems. When S(0)/X(0) < or = 0.1, formaldehyde was completely degraded with initial concentration of up to 95 mg/L; when S(0)/X(0) > or = 0.29, formaldehyde at higher than 60 mg/L was only partially degraded. The inhibition of formaldehyde degradation in batch systems could be avoided by repeated additions of low concentrations of formaldehyde (up to 30 mg/L). Chemostats (14-day retention time) showed degradation of 74 mg/L-d (1110 mg/L) of influent formaldehyde with a removal capacity of 164 mg/g VSS-day. A spike of 30 mg/L (final concentration in the chemostat) formaldehyde to the chemostat caused only a small increase in effluent acetate concentration for 3 days. But a spike of 60 mg/L (final concentration in the chemostat) formaldehyde to the chemostat resulted in a dramatic increase in acetate concentration in the effluent. The results also showed that the acetate enrichment culture was not acclimated to formaldehyde even after 226 days. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 727-736, 1997.
Publication: Biotechnol. Bioeng. 1997 Sep 5 ;55(5)::727-36. :doi: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0290(19970905)55:5<727::AID-BIT3>3.0.CO;2-D.
Publication Date: 1997 Sep 5
Study Author(s): Qu, M;Bhattacharya, S K;
Institution: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 206 Civil Engineering Building, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118-5698, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Formaldehyde is present in several industrial wastewaters including petrochemical wastes. In this study, the toxicity and degradability of formaldehyde in anaerobic systems were investigated. Formaldehyde showed severe toxicity to an acetate enrichment methanogenic culture. As low as 10 mg/L (0.33 mM) of formaldehyde in the reactor completely inhibited acetate utilization. Formaldehyde, however, was degraded while acetate utilization was inhibited. Degradation of formaldehyde (Initial concentration < or =30 mg/L) followed Monod model with a rate constant, k, of 0.35-0.46 d(-1). At higher initial concentrations (> or =60 mg/L), formaldehyde degradation was inhibited and partial degradation was possible. The initial formaldehyde to biomass ratio, S(0)/X(0), was useful to predict the degradation potential of high formaldehyde concentrations in batch systems. When S(0)/X(0) < or = 0.1, formaldehyde was completely degraded with initial concentration of up to 95 mg/L; when S(0)/X(0) > or = 0.29, formaldehyde at higher than 60 mg/L was only partially degraded. The inhibition of formaldehyde degradation in batch systems could be avoided by repeated additions of low concentrations of formaldehyde (up to 30 mg/L). Chemostats (14-day retention time) showed degradation of 74 mg/L-d (1110 mg/L) of influent formaldehyde with a removal capacity of 164 mg/g VSS-day. A spike of 30 mg/L (final concentration in the chemostat) formaldehyde to the chemostat caused only a small increase in effluent acetate concentration for 3 days. But a spike of 60 mg/L (final concentration in the chemostat) formaldehyde to the chemostat resulted in a dramatic increase in acetate concentration in the effluent. The results also showed that the acetate enrichment culture was not acclimated to formaldehyde even after 226 days. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 55: 727-736, 1997.
PMID: 18636583