char = E;code = 69 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Evaluation of sleepiness in epilepsy.
Evaluation of sleepiness in epilepsy.char = E;code = 69 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = /;code = 47 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = -;code = 45 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Excessive daytime sleepiness often complicates the clinical picture of epilepsy, facilitating the occurrence of seizures and aggravating cognitive disabilities and/or behavioral problems. Thus it further adversely affects social and working activities of epileptic subjects. Both unstructured and structured clinical reports documented a not negligible proportion of epilepsy patients suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness. Studies based on neurophysiological testing such as Multiple Sleep Latency Test or Maintenance Wakefulness Test revealed a degree of daytime sleepiness tendency in epilepsy patients greater than that they subjectively estimate. Antiepileptic drugs play a remarkable role in determining drowsiness in epilepsy patients and they are generally viewed as the only cause of sleepiness in these patients. However excessive daytime sleepiness has been documented in epilepsy patients before starting any drug treatment or after its discontinuation. Both clinical and neurophysiological studies have clearly documented the possible role of seizure occurrence and of co-morbidity as determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Nocturnal sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness have been reported in temporal lobe and frontal lobe epilepsy, namely nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Some recent reports have stressed that obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movements during sleep can significantly account for sleepiness complaints in epilepsy patients; most of the antiepileptic drugs can worsen obstructive sleep apnea. To date the evaluation of daytime sleepiness of epilepsy patients in clinical practice has been based mainly or exclusively on clinical reports. To improve our understanding of this symptom in epilepsy patients, the use of standardized sleepiness scales should be encouraged. Patients with persistent daytime sleepiness without a clear cause-and-effect relationship with antiepiletic drugs treatment or in whom a coincident sleep pathology is suspected, should be investigated by means of neurophysiological testing such as Multiple Sleep Latency Test or Maintenance Wakefulness Test.
Publication: Clin Neurophysiol 2000 Sep ;111 Suppl 2:S111-4.
Publication Date: 2000 Sep
Study Author(s): Manni, R;Tartara, A;
Institution: Neurologic Institute IRCCS 'C. Mondino', Via Palestro, 3, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Excessive daytime sleepiness often complicates the clinical picture of epilepsy, facilitating the occurrence of seizures and aggravating cognitive disabilities and/or behavioral problems. Thus it further adversely affects social and working activities of epileptic subjects. Both unstructured and structured clinical reports documented a not negligible proportion of epilepsy patients suffering from excessive daytime sleepiness. Studies based on neurophysiological testing such as Multiple Sleep Latency Test or Maintenance Wakefulness Test revealed a degree of daytime sleepiness tendency in epilepsy patients greater than that they subjectively estimate. Antiepileptic drugs play a remarkable role in determining drowsiness in epilepsy patients and they are generally viewed as the only cause of sleepiness in these patients. However excessive daytime sleepiness has been documented in epilepsy patients before starting any drug treatment or after its discontinuation. Both clinical and neurophysiological studies have clearly documented the possible role of seizure occurrence and of co-morbidity as determinants of excessive daytime sleepiness in epilepsy patients. Nocturnal sleep fragmentation and daytime sleepiness have been reported in temporal lobe and frontal lobe epilepsy, namely nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Some recent reports have stressed that obstructive sleep apnea and periodic limb movements during sleep can significantly account for sleepiness complaints in epilepsy patients; most of the antiepileptic drugs can worsen obstructive sleep apnea. To date the evaluation of daytime sleepiness of epilepsy patients in clinical practice has been based mainly or exclusively on clinical reports. To improve our understanding of this symptom in epilepsy patients, the use of standardized sleepiness scales should be encouraged. Patients with persistent daytime sleepiness without a clear cause-and-effect relationship with antiepiletic drugs treatment or in whom a coincident sleep pathology is suspected, should be investigated by means of neurophysiological testing such as Multiple Sleep Latency Test or Maintenance Wakefulness Test.
PMID: 10996563