char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 result sql = The effects of lamotrigine on sleep in patients with epilepsy.
The effects of lamotrigine on sleep in patients with epilepsy.char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = P;code = 80 char = U;code = 85 char = R;code = 82 char = P;code = 80 char = O;code = 79 char = S;code = 83 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = E;code = 69 char = D;code = 68 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = M;code = 77 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = -;code = 45 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = S;code = 83 char = W;code = 87 char = S;code = 83 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = E;code = 69 char = D;code = 68 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = G;code = 71 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = H;code = 72 char = T;code = 84 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = B;code = 66 char = Z;code = 90 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = S;code = 83 char = G;code = 71 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = p;code = 112 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = S;code = 83 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = U;code = 85 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = S;code = 83 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = B;code = 66 char = Z;code = 90 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = H;code = 72 char = T;code = 84 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = W;code = 87 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = G;code = 71 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = E;code = 69 char = D;code = 68 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = PURPOSE : The older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a variety of effects on sleep, including marked reduction in REM, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and sleep latency, and increased percentage of light sleep. The effects of the newer AEDs on sleep are unknown. Our purpose was to study the effect of lamotrigine (LTG) on sleep.METHODS : Ten adults with focal epilepsy, in whom the decision was made to add LTG to either phenytoin (PHT) or carbamazepine (CBZ) for control of seizures, were the subjects of this study. Patients underwent pre- and posttreatment polysomnography (PSG) and completed sleep questionnaires. Polygraphic variables and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, a subjective measure of sleep propensity, were compared by using the Wilcoxon sign rank test.RESULTS : Seven patients were taking CBZ, and three were treated with PHT. All subjects were titrated to an LTG dose of 400 mg/day. Treatment with LTG produced a significant decrease in SWS and an increase in stage 2 sleep percentage. No significant difference in ESS or any of the other polygraphic variables was observed. However, LTG treatment was associated with a reduction in arousals and stage shifts and an increase in REM periods. No subjects reported insomnia with treatment.CONCLUSIONS : LTG appears to be less disruptive to sleep than some of the older AEDs.
Publication: Epilepsia 2001 Dec ;42(12)::1569-73.
Publication Date: 2001 Dec
Study Author(s): Foldvary, N;Perry, M;Lee, J;Dinner, D;Morris, H H;
Institution: Department of Neurology and Epidemiology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, USA. foldvan.ccf.org
Shortcut link to this study:
PURPOSE : The older antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have a variety of effects on sleep, including marked reduction in REM, slow-wave sleep (SWS) and sleep latency, and increased percentage of light sleep. The effects of the newer AEDs on sleep are unknown. Our purpose was to study the effect of lamotrigine (LTG) on sleep.METHODS : Ten adults with focal epilepsy, in whom the decision was made to add LTG to either phenytoin (PHT) or carbamazepine (CBZ) for control of seizures, were the subjects of this study. Patients underwent pre- and posttreatment polysomnography (PSG) and completed sleep questionnaires. Polygraphic variables and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, a subjective measure of sleep propensity, were compared by using the Wilcoxon sign rank test.RESULTS : Seven patients were taking CBZ, and three were treated with PHT. All subjects were titrated to an LTG dose of 400 mg/day. Treatment with LTG produced a significant decrease in SWS and an increase in stage 2 sleep percentage. No significant difference in ESS or any of the other polygraphic variables was observed. However, LTG treatment was associated with a reduction in arousals and stage shifts and an increase in REM periods. No subjects reported insomnia with treatment.CONCLUSIONS : LTG appears to be less disruptive to sleep than some of the older AEDs.
PMID: 11879368