char = P;code = 80 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Polymorphism in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione S-transferases and apolipoprotein E and susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis.
Polymorphism in alcohol-metabolizing enzymes, glutathione S-transferases and apolipoprotein E and susceptibility to alcohol-induced cirrhosis and chronic pancreatitis.char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = B;code = 66 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = K;code = 75 char = G;code = 71 char = R;code = 82 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = I;code = 73 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = S;code = 83 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 3;code = 51 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = L;code = 76 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = E;code = 69 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = Y;code = 89 char = P;code = 80 char = 2;code = 50 char = E;code = 69 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = T;code = 84 char = I;code = 73 char = E;code = 69 char = N;code = 78 char = T;code = 84 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = U;code = 85 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 3;code = 51 char = *;code = 42 char = 2;code = 50 char = /;code = 47 char = *;code = 42 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 4;code = 52 char = 0;code = 48 char = %;code = 37 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = %;code = 37 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 2;code = 50 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 6;code = 54 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 8;code = 56 char = %;code = 37 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 3;code = 51 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 4;code = 52 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 7;code = 55 char = 8;code = 56 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = 3;code = 51 char = %;code = 37 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = -;code = 45 char = 5;code = 53 char = .;code = 46 char = 6;code = 54 char = 6;code = 54 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 5;code = 53 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 2;code = 50 char = *;code = 42 char = 1;code = 49 char = /;code = 47 char = *;code = 42 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = %;code = 37 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 9;code = 57 char = 2;code = 50 char = %;code = 37 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 9;code = 57 char = 3;code = 51 char = %;code = 37 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = L;code = 76 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 2;code = 50 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = Y;code = 89 char = P;code = 80 char = 2;code = 50 char = E;code = 69 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 3;code = 51 char = *;code = 42 char = 2;code = 50 char = /;code = 47 char = *;code = 42 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = 2;code = 50 char = *;code = 42 char = 1;code = 49 char = /;code = 47 char = *;code = 42 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = H;code = 72 char = .;code = 46 result sql = BACKGROUND AND AIM : Susceptibility to organ damage induced by alcohol may be due to inherited variation (polymorphism) in ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, or to polymorphisms affecting free radical or lipid metabolism mediated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases and apolipoprotein E. The aim was to compare the genotype frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2), ADH3, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase-M1 (GSTM1), GSTT1, and apolipoprotein E in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis to those in control groups.PATIENTS AND METHODS : The case-control study was restricted to Caucasian adults: 57 with alcoholic cirrhosis, 71 with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, 57 alcoholics without apparent organ damage and 200 healthy blood donors. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism after amplification of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS : The genotype ADH3*2/*2 was more frequent in patients with cirrhosis (40%) than blood donors (12%; OR 4.92, 95% CI 2.36-10.31) and patients with chronic pancreatitis (8%; OR 7.33, 95% CI 2.54-23.78) but was not significantly different from alcoholic controls (23%; OR 2.27, 95% CI 0.95-5.66). Patients with cirrhosis also had a higher frequency (P < 0.05) of ADH2*1/*1 (100%) than blood donors (92%) and those with chronic pancreatitis (93%). The frequencies of genotypes of ALDH2, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and apolipoprotein E were similar in all groups.CONCLUSION : Alcoholic cirrhosis but not alcoholic chronic pancreatitis is associated with ADH3*2/*2 and perhaps with ADH2*1/*1. Both genes encode less active alcohol-metabolizing enzymes that may be associated with cirrhosis because of delayed formation of acetaldehyde (with higher intakes of alcohol), or diversion of alcohol metabolism through pathways other than ADH.
Publication: J. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 2002 Feb ;17(2)::177-82.
Publication Date: 2002 Feb
Study Author(s): Frenzer, Andreas;Butler, Wendy J;Norton, Ian D;Wilson, Jeremy S;Apte, Minoti V;Pirola, Romano C;Ryan, Philip;Roberts-Thomson, Ian C;
Institution: Department of Gastroenterology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM : Susceptibility to organ damage induced by alcohol may be due to inherited variation (polymorphism) in ethanol-metabolizing enzymes, or to polymorphisms affecting free radical or lipid metabolism mediated by enzymes such as glutathione S-transferases and apolipoprotein E. The aim was to compare the genotype frequencies of alcohol dehydrogenase-2 (ADH2), ADH3, aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2), cytochrome P450-2E1 (CYP2E1), glutathione S-transferase-M1 (GSTM1), GSTT1, and apolipoprotein E in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis and alcoholic chronic pancreatitis to those in control groups.PATIENTS AND METHODS : The case-control study was restricted to Caucasian adults: 57 with alcoholic cirrhosis, 71 with alcoholic chronic pancreatitis, 57 alcoholics without apparent organ damage and 200 healthy blood donors. Genotypes were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism after amplification of genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS : The genotype ADH3*2/*2 was more frequent in patients with cirrhosis (40%) than blood donors (12%; OR 4.92, 95% CI 2.36-10.31) and patients with chronic pancreatitis (8%; OR 7.33, 95% CI 2.54-23.78) but was not significantly different from alcoholic controls (23%; OR 2.27, 95% CI 0.95-5.66). Patients with cirrhosis also had a higher frequency (P < 0.05) of ADH2*1/*1 (100%) than blood donors (92%) and those with chronic pancreatitis (93%). The frequencies of genotypes of ALDH2, CYP2E1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and apolipoprotein E were similar in all groups.CONCLUSION : Alcoholic cirrhosis but not alcoholic chronic pancreatitis is associated with ADH3*2/*2 and perhaps with ADH2*1/*1. Both genes encode less active alcohol-metabolizing enzymes that may be associated with cirrhosis because of delayed formation of acetaldehyde (with higher intakes of alcohol), or diversion of alcohol metabolism through pathways other than ADH.
PMID: 11966948