char = G;code = 71 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = u;code = 117 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Glutathione S-transferase Mu null genotype affords protection against alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis.
Glutathione S-transferase Mu null genotype affords protection against alcohol induced chronic pancreatitis.char = G;code = 71 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = u;code = 117 char = (;code = 40 char = M;code = 77 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = P;code = 80 char = i;code = 105 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = (;code = 40 char = T;code = 84 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = P;code = 80 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = 9;code = 57 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = C;code = 67 char = R;code = 82 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = -;code = 45 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = T;code = 84 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = P;code = 80 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 6;code = 54 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 3;code = 51 char = -;code = 45 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 2;code = 50 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 6;code = 54 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 4;code = 52 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 4;code = 52 char = 8;code = 56 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 6;code = 54 char = -;code = 45 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = 9;code = 57 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = M;code = 77 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play critical roles in providing protection against electrophiles and products of oxidative stress, by catalysing the formation of glutathione conjugates and by eliminating peroxides. Most extensively studied are four main families of human cytosolic GST: GSTAlpha(A), GSTMu(M), GSTPi(P) and GSTTheta(T). Absence of GSTM1 or GSTT1 can be attributed to absence of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene products (null genotype) in approximately 50% and 20% of the Caucasian population, respectively. We investigated whether polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes modified the risk for chronic pancreatitis (CP). DNA samples were obtained from 142 adult CP patients with alcoholic (n = 79), hereditary (n = 21) or idiopathic (n = 42) origin. DNA from 204 healthy controls and from 57 alcoholic controls was analysed for comparison. Patients and controls were all of Caucasian origin. Genetic polymorphisms in GSTs were determined by PCR, eventually followed by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism analyses in all subjects. The rates of GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes did not differ between CP patients and healthy controls. However, GSTM1 null genotypes were significantly less common in alcoholic CP patients (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.95) as compared to healthy controls and to alcoholic controls (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.26-1.04). Age- and sex-adjustment bolstered our finding (adjusted OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.89). The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype is significantly lower in alcoholic CP patients, especially young female. This suggests that GSTM1 null alcohol users, particularly young female, are less susceptible to CP.
Publication: Am. J. Med. Genet. A 2003 Jul 1 ;120A(1)::34-9.
Publication Date: 2003 Jul 1
Study Author(s): Verlaan, Mariette;te Morsche, René H M;Roelofs, Hennie M J;Laheij, Robert J F;Jansen, Jan B M J;Peters, Wilbert H M;Drenth, Joost P H;
Institution: Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, St. Radboud, PO Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play critical roles in providing protection against electrophiles and products of oxidative stress, by catalysing the formation of glutathione conjugates and by eliminating peroxides. Most extensively studied are four main families of human cytosolic GST: GSTAlpha(A), GSTMu(M), GSTPi(P) and GSTTheta(T). Absence of GSTM1 or GSTT1 can be attributed to absence of the GSTM1 or GSTT1 gene products (null genotype) in approximately 50% and 20% of the Caucasian population, respectively. We investigated whether polymorphisms in the GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 genes modified the risk for chronic pancreatitis (CP). DNA samples were obtained from 142 adult CP patients with alcoholic (n = 79), hereditary (n = 21) or idiopathic (n = 42) origin. DNA from 204 healthy controls and from 57 alcoholic controls was analysed for comparison. Patients and controls were all of Caucasian origin. Genetic polymorphisms in GSTs were determined by PCR, eventually followed by restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism analyses in all subjects. The rates of GSTT1 and GSTP1 genotypes did not differ between CP patients and healthy controls. However, GSTM1 null genotypes were significantly less common in alcoholic CP patients (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.33-0.95) as compared to healthy controls and to alcoholic controls (OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.26-1.04). Age- and sex-adjustment bolstered our finding (adjusted OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.26-0.89). The frequency of the GSTM1 null genotype is significantly lower in alcoholic CP patients, especially young female. This suggests that GSTM1 null alcohol users, particularly young female, are less susceptible to CP.
PMID: 12794689