|
|
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char = .;code = 46
result sql = Inhibition of proliferation of human cancer cells and cyclooxygenase enzymes by anthocyanidins and catechins.
Inhibition of proliferation of human cancer cells and cyclooxygenase enzymes by anthocyanidins and catechins.char = T;code = 84
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
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char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = );code = 41
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char = F;code = 70
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char = C;code = 67
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char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 7;code = 55
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char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = m;code = 109
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = -;code = 45
char = H;code = 72
char = 4;code = 52
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
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char = (;code = 40
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = A;code = 65
char = t;code = 116
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = %;code = 37
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
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char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = The widespread consumption of diets rich in anthocyanin and catechin content prompted the evaluation of their in vitro inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and on the proliferation of human cancer cell lines. Five anthocyanidins consisting of cyanidin (1), delphinidin (2), pelargonidin (3), peonidin (4), and malvidin (5) were tested for COX-1 and -2 enzyme inhibitory activities at 40 microM. Eleven catechins consisting of (+)-catechin (6), (-)-catechin (7), (+/-)-catechin (8), (+)-epicatechin (9), (-)-epicatechin (10), (-)-epigallocatechin (11), (-)-gallocatechin (12), (-)-epicatechin gallate (13), (-)-catechin gallate (14), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (15), and (-)-gallocatechin gallate (16) were tested for inhibitory effects of COX-1 and -2 enzymes at 80 microM. Of the compounds tested, the galloyl derivatives of the catechins 11-15, cyanidin (1) and malvidin (5), showed the best COX inhibitory activities compared with the commercial anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen (at 10 microM), naproxen (at 10 microM), Vioxx (at 1.67 ppm), and Celebrex (at 1.67 ppm). Inhibition of the proliferation of the human cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast), SF-268 (central nervous system, CNS), HCT-116 (colon), and NCI-H460 (lung) was evaluated at concentrations between 100 and 6.25 microM compared with the commercial standard, adriamycin (doxorubicin) at 6.25 microM. At 100-microM concentrations, anthocyanidins 1-5 and catechins 6-10 did not inhibit proliferation of the four cell lines. At 50-microM concentrations, catechins 12, 15, and 16 showed 95%, 100%, and 97% inhibition of breast cells, respectively. At 50-microM concentrations 12 and 16 were the most effective catechins against colon cells (85% and 93%, respectively) and lung cells (87% and 67%, respectively). CNS cells were the most sensitive of the test cell lines, and total growth inhibition was obtained with catechins 12 and 16 at 100-microM concentrations. Overall, only the galloyl derivatives of catechins 11-16 inhibited the proliferation of the cancer cell lines.
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Inhibition of proliferation of human cancer cells and cyclooxygenase enzymes by anthocyanidins and catechins.
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = C;code = 67
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char = O;code = 79
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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result sql = The widespread consumption of diets rich in anthocyanin and catechin content prompted the evaluation of their in vitro inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and on the proliferation of human cancer cell lines. Five anthocyanidins consisting of cyanidin (1), delphinidin (2), pelargonidin (3), peonidin (4), and malvidin (5) were tested for COX-1 and -2 enzyme inhibitory activities at 40 microM. Eleven catechins consisting of (+)-catechin (6), (-)-catechin (7), (+/-)-catechin (8), (+)-epicatechin (9), (-)-epicatechin (10), (-)-epigallocatechin (11), (-)-gallocatechin (12), (-)-epicatechin gallate (13), (-)-catechin gallate (14), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (15), and (-)-gallocatechin gallate (16) were tested for inhibitory effects of COX-1 and -2 enzymes at 80 microM. Of the compounds tested, the galloyl derivatives of the catechins 11-15, cyanidin (1) and malvidin (5), showed the best COX inhibitory activities compared with the commercial anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen (at 10 microM), naproxen (at 10 microM), Vioxx (at 1.67 ppm), and Celebrex (at 1.67 ppm). Inhibition of the proliferation of the human cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast), SF-268 (central nervous system, CNS), HCT-116 (colon), and NCI-H460 (lung) was evaluated at concentrations between 100 and 6.25 microM compared with the commercial standard, adriamycin (doxorubicin) at 6.25 microM. At 100-microM concentrations, anthocyanidins 1-5 and catechins 6-10 did not inhibit proliferation of the four cell lines. At 50-microM concentrations, catechins 12, 15, and 16 showed 95%, 100%, and 97% inhibition of breast cells, respectively. At 50-microM concentrations 12 and 16 were the most effective catechins against colon cells (85% and 93%, respectively) and lung cells (87% and 67%, respectively). CNS cells were the most sensitive of the test cell lines, and total growth inhibition was obtained with catechins 12 and 16 at 100-microM concentrations. Overall, only the galloyl derivatives of catechins 11-16 inhibited the proliferation of the cancer cell lines.
Publication: Nutr Cancer 2003 ;46(1)::101-6.
Publication Date: 2003
Study Author(s): Seeram, Navindra P;Zhang, Yanjun;Nair, Muraleedharan G;
Institution: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2003
Study Author(s): Seeram, Navindra P;Zhang, Yanjun;Nair, Muraleedharan G;
Institution: Bioactive Natural Products and Phytoceuticals, Department of Horticulture and National Food Safety and Toxicology Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
The widespread consumption of diets rich in anthocyanin and catechin content prompted the evaluation of their in vitro inhibitory effects on cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes and on the proliferation of human cancer cell lines. Five anthocyanidins consisting of cyanidin (1), delphinidin (2), pelargonidin (3), peonidin (4), and malvidin (5) were tested for COX-1 and -2 enzyme inhibitory activities at 40 microM. Eleven catechins consisting of (+)-catechin (6), (-)-catechin (7), (+/-)-catechin (8), (+)-epicatechin (9), (-)-epicatechin (10), (-)-epigallocatechin (11), (-)-gallocatechin (12), (-)-epicatechin gallate (13), (-)-catechin gallate (14), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (15), and (-)-gallocatechin gallate (16) were tested for inhibitory effects of COX-1 and -2 enzymes at 80 microM. Of the compounds tested, the galloyl derivatives of the catechins 11-15, cyanidin (1) and malvidin (5), showed the best COX inhibitory activities compared with the commercial anti-inflammatory drugs ibuprofen (at 10 microM), naproxen (at 10 microM), Vioxx (at 1.67 ppm), and Celebrex (at 1.67 ppm). Inhibition of the proliferation of the human cancer cell lines MCF-7 (breast), SF-268 (central nervous system, CNS), HCT-116 (colon), and NCI-H460 (lung) was evaluated at concentrations between 100 and 6.25 microM compared with the commercial standard, adriamycin (doxorubicin) at 6.25 microM. At 100-microM concentrations, anthocyanidins 1-5 and catechins 6-10 did not inhibit proliferation of the four cell lines. At 50-microM concentrations, catechins 12, 15, and 16 showed 95%, 100%, and 97% inhibition of breast cells, respectively. At 50-microM concentrations 12 and 16 were the most effective catechins against colon cells (85% and 93%, respectively) and lung cells (87% and 67%, respectively). CNS cells were the most sensitive of the test cell lines, and total growth inhibition was obtained with catechins 12 and 16 at 100-microM concentrations. Overall, only the galloyl derivatives of catechins 11-16 inhibited the proliferation of the cancer cell lines.
PMID: 12925310
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