char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ?;code = 63 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = Z;code = 90 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Could insecticide-treated cattle reduce Afrotropical malaria transmission? Effects of deltamethrin-treated Zebu on Anopheles arabiensis behaviour and survival in Ethiopia.
Could insecticide-treated cattle reduce Afrotropical malaria transmission? Effects of deltamethrin-treated Zebu on Anopheles arabiensis behaviour and survival in Ethiopia.char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = D;code = 68 char = I;code = 73 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = E;code = 69 char = R;code = 82 char = A;code = 65 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = D;code = 68 char = I;code = 73 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = E;code = 69 char = R;code = 82 char = A;code = 65 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = A;code = 65 char = R;code = 82 char = I;code = 73 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = x;code = 120 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = -;code = 45 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = Z;code = 90 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = B;code = 66 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = .;code = 46 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = -;code = 45 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = %;code = 37 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 0;code = 48 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = -;code = 45 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ';code = 39 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = j;code = 106 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = k;code = 107 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Anopheles arabiensis Patton (DIPTERA: Culicidae) is the most widespread vector of malaria in the Afrotropical Region. Because An. arabiensis feeds readily on cattle as well as humans, the insecticide-treatment of cattle--as employed to control tsetse (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) and ticks (ACARI: Ixodidae)--might simultaneously affect the malaria vectorial capacity of this mosquito. Therefore, we conducted field experiments in southern Ethiopia to establish whether Zebu cattle (Bos indicus L.) treated with a pour-on pyrethroid formulation of 1% deltamethrin, widely used to control ticks and tsetse, would be effective against An. arabiensis or cause the female mosquitoes to feed more frequently on humans, due to behavioural avoidance of insecticide-treated cattle. Contact bioassays (3 min exposure) showed that the insecticide remained effective for about 1 month (kill rate > 50%) against mosquitoes feeding on the flanks of treated cattle. A novel behavioural assay demonstrated that An. arabiensis readily fed on insecticide-treated cattle and were not deflected to human hosts in the presence of treated cattle. DNA-fingerprinting of bloodmeals revealed that An. arabiensis naturally feeds most frequently on older animals, consistent with the established practice of applying insecticide only to older cattle, while allowing younger untreated animals to gain immunity against infections transmitted by ticks. These encouraging results were tempered by finding that > 90% of An. arabiensis, An. pharoensis and An. tenebrosus females feed on the legs of cattle, farthest from the site of pour-on application along the animal's back and where the treatment may be least residual due to weathering. Observations of mosquitoes feeding naturally on insecticide-treated cattle showed that the majority of wild female anophelines alighted on the host animal for less than 1 min to feed, with significantly shorter mean duration of feeding bouts on insecticide-treated animals, and the effective life of the insecticide was only 1 week. Thus the monthly application of deltamethrin to cattle, typically used to control tsetse and ticks, is unlikely to be effective against An. arabiensis populations or their vectorial capacity. Even so, it seems likely that far greater impact on anopheline mosquitoes could be achieved by applying insecticide selectively to the legs of cattle.
Publication: Med. Vet. Entomol. 2004 Dec ;18(4)::408-17.
Publication Date: 2004 Dec
Study Author(s): Habtewold, T;Prior, A;Torr, S J;Gibson, G;
Institution: FARM-Africa, Southampton Place, London, UK.
Shortcut link to this study:
Anopheles arabiensis Patton (DIPTERA: Culicidae) is the most widespread vector of malaria in the Afrotropical Region. Because An. arabiensis feeds readily on cattle as well as humans, the insecticide-treatment of cattle--as employed to control tsetse (DIPTERA: Glossinidae) and ticks (ACARI: Ixodidae)--might simultaneously affect the malaria vectorial capacity of this mosquito. Therefore, we conducted field experiments in southern Ethiopia to establish whether Zebu cattle (Bos indicus L.) treated with a pour-on pyrethroid formulation of 1% deltamethrin, widely used to control ticks and tsetse, would be effective against An. arabiensis or cause the female mosquitoes to feed more frequently on humans, due to behavioural avoidance of insecticide-treated cattle. Contact bioassays (3 min exposure) showed that the insecticide remained effective for about 1 month (kill rate > 50%) against mosquitoes feeding on the flanks of treated cattle. A novel behavioural assay demonstrated that An. arabiensis readily fed on insecticide-treated cattle and were not deflected to human hosts in the presence of treated cattle. DNA-fingerprinting of bloodmeals revealed that An. arabiensis naturally feeds most frequently on older animals, consistent with the established practice of applying insecticide only to older cattle, while allowing younger untreated animals to gain immunity against infections transmitted by ticks. These encouraging results were tempered by finding that > 90% of An. arabiensis, An. pharoensis and An. tenebrosus females feed on the legs of cattle, farthest from the site of pour-on application along the animal's back and where the treatment may be least residual due to weathering. Observations of mosquitoes feeding naturally on insecticide-treated cattle showed that the majority of wild female anophelines alighted on the host animal for less than 1 min to feed, with significantly shorter mean duration of feeding bouts on insecticide-treated animals, and the effective life of the insecticide was only 1 week. Thus the monthly application of deltamethrin to cattle, typically used to control tsetse and ticks, is unlikely to be effective against An. arabiensis populations or their vectorial capacity. Even so, it seems likely that far greater impact on anopheline mosquitoes could be achieved by applying insecticide selectively to the legs of cattle.
PMID: 15642008