|
|
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Dietary intake of Cruciferous vegetables, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in a Caucasian population.
Dietary intake of Cruciferous vegetables, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in a Caucasian population.char = <;code = 60
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char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : To evaluate possible interactions between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and the glutathione s-transferase mu and theta (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genotypes in lung cancer risk.
METHODS : Hospital-based case-control study of 716 Caucasian lung cancer cases and 939 spouse and friend controls conducted in Boston, Massachussetts between 1992 and 2000. Dietary intake was collected through a food frequency questionnaire and blood was obtained for genotyping. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, total calories and smoking variables.
RESULTS : Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables reduced lung cancer risk among GSTM1 present individuals (odds ratio (OR)highest versus lowest tertile = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-0.95) but not among GSTM1 null individuals (OR(highest versus lowest tertile) = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.78-1.68). We observed statistically significant interactions between GSTM1 and cruciferous vegetable intake overall (likelihood ratio test (LRT): p = 0.05) and among current smokers (LRT: p = 0.01). No significant interactions were observed for GSTT1 or the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype.
CONCLUSIONS : In our study, higher cruciferous vegetable intake reduced lung cancer risk only among individuals with the GSTM1 present genotype. Our findings differed from prior studies that specifically assessed isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables or evaluated Asian study populations with higher levels of cruciferous vegetable consumption.
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Dietary intake of Cruciferous vegetables, Glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms and lung cancer risk in a Caucasian population.
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = O;code = 79
char = B;code = 66
char = J;code = 74
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 3;code = 51
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = H;code = 72
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = );code = 41
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 9;code = 57
char = -;code = 45
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = (;code = 40
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : To evaluate possible interactions between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and the glutathione s-transferase mu and theta (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genotypes in lung cancer risk.
METHODS : Hospital-based case-control study of 716 Caucasian lung cancer cases and 939 spouse and friend controls conducted in Boston, Massachussetts between 1992 and 2000. Dietary intake was collected through a food frequency questionnaire and blood was obtained for genotyping. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, total calories and smoking variables.
RESULTS : Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables reduced lung cancer risk among GSTM1 present individuals (odds ratio (OR)highest versus lowest tertile = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-0.95) but not among GSTM1 null individuals (OR(highest versus lowest tertile) = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.78-1.68). We observed statistically significant interactions between GSTM1 and cruciferous vegetable intake overall (likelihood ratio test (LRT): p = 0.05) and among current smokers (LRT: p = 0.01). No significant interactions were observed for GSTT1 or the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype.
CONCLUSIONS : In our study, higher cruciferous vegetable intake reduced lung cancer risk only among individuals with the GSTM1 present genotype. Our findings differed from prior studies that specifically assessed isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables or evaluated Asian study populations with higher levels of cruciferous vegetable consumption.
Publication: Cancer Causes Control 2004 Dec ;15(10)::977-85.
Publication Date: 2004 Dec
Study Author(s): Wang, Lisa I;Giovannucci, Edward L;Hunter, David;Neuberg, Donna;Su, Li;Christiani, David C;
Institution: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2004 Dec
Study Author(s): Wang, Lisa I;Giovannucci, Edward L;Hunter, David;Neuberg, Donna;Su, Li;Christiani, David C;
Institution: Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVE : To evaluate possible interactions between dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables and the glutathione s-transferase mu and theta (GSTM1 and GSTT1) genotypes in lung cancer risk.
METHODS : Hospital-based case-control study of 716 Caucasian lung cancer cases and 939 spouse and friend controls conducted in Boston, Massachussetts between 1992 and 2000. Dietary intake was collected through a food frequency questionnaire and blood was obtained for genotyping. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, total calories and smoking variables.
RESULTS : Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables reduced lung cancer risk among GSTM1 present individuals (odds ratio (OR)highest versus lowest tertile = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-0.95) but not among GSTM1 null individuals (OR(highest versus lowest tertile) = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.78-1.68). We observed statistically significant interactions between GSTM1 and cruciferous vegetable intake overall (likelihood ratio test (LRT): p = 0.05) and among current smokers (LRT: p = 0.01). No significant interactions were observed for GSTT1 or the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype.
CONCLUSIONS : In our study, higher cruciferous vegetable intake reduced lung cancer risk only among individuals with the GSTM1 present genotype. Our findings differed from prior studies that specifically assessed isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables or evaluated Asian study populations with higher levels of cruciferous vegetable consumption.
METHODS : Hospital-based case-control study of 716 Caucasian lung cancer cases and 939 spouse and friend controls conducted in Boston, Massachussetts between 1992 and 2000. Dietary intake was collected through a food frequency questionnaire and blood was obtained for genotyping. Logistic regression models were adjusted for age, gender, total calories and smoking variables.
RESULTS : Higher intakes of cruciferous vegetables reduced lung cancer risk among GSTM1 present individuals (odds ratio (OR)highest versus lowest tertile = 0.61, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.39-0.95) but not among GSTM1 null individuals (OR(highest versus lowest tertile) = 1.15, 95% CI = 0.78-1.68). We observed statistically significant interactions between GSTM1 and cruciferous vegetable intake overall (likelihood ratio test (LRT): p = 0.05) and among current smokers (LRT: p = 0.01). No significant interactions were observed for GSTT1 or the combined GSTM1/T1 genotype.
CONCLUSIONS : In our study, higher cruciferous vegetable intake reduced lung cancer risk only among individuals with the GSTM1 present genotype. Our findings differed from prior studies that specifically assessed isothiocyanates found in cruciferous vegetables or evaluated Asian study populations with higher levels of cruciferous vegetable consumption.
PMID: 15801482
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