|
|
char = R;code = 82
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = -;code = 45
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = f;code = 102
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Ring-testing and field-validation of a terrestrial model ecosystem (TME)--an instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: effects of carbendazim on organic matter breakdown and soil fauna feeding activity.
Ring-testing and field-validation of a terrestrial model ecosystem (TME)--an instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: effects of carbendazim on organic matter breakdown and soil fauna feeding activity.char = O;code = 79
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
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char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = T;code = 84
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = C;code = 67
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char = l;code = 108
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = O;code = 79
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = f;code = 102
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
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char = h;code = 104
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char = .;code = 46
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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result sql = Organic matter (OM) decomposition and soil fauna feeding activity were integrated as functional endpoints into ecotoxicological tests with intact-soil-core Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (TMEs). Cellulose filter paper served as standardized OM and was either inserted into the top soil or placed on the soil surface for a period of up to 16 weeks. Faunal feeding activity was assessed by the bait-lamina method. The fungicide carbendazim, applied at six dosages ranging from 0.36 kg/ha to 87.5 kg a.i./ha, served as a model chemical. To validate the results from the TME test, a field study was run in parallel. In TMEs the cellulose paper inserted into the soil was decomposed faster than under field conditions. The carbendazim-induced effects on OM decomposition in TMEs and in the field were comparable and followed a clear dose-response relationship. The calculated EC50 values after 8 weeks of incubation were 9.5, 7.1 and 2.1 kg carbendazim/ha for grassland TMEs, grassland field and arable TMEs, respectively. The feeding activity of the soil fauna showed a large variability. The EC50 values for the effect of carbendazim on bait-lamina consumption ranged between 2.0 and 56 kg a.i./ha. Effects on decomposition were correlated with effects on enchytraeids and earthworms but not with effects on bait-lamina consumption.
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result sql = Ring-testing and field-validation of a terrestrial model ecosystem (TME)--an instrument for testing potentially harmful substances: effects of carbendazim on organic matter breakdown and soil fauna feeding activity.
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = i;code = 105
char = .;code = 46
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = /;code = 47
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = C;code = 67
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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result sql = Organic matter (OM) decomposition and soil fauna feeding activity were integrated as functional endpoints into ecotoxicological tests with intact-soil-core Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (TMEs). Cellulose filter paper served as standardized OM and was either inserted into the top soil or placed on the soil surface for a period of up to 16 weeks. Faunal feeding activity was assessed by the bait-lamina method. The fungicide carbendazim, applied at six dosages ranging from 0.36 kg/ha to 87.5 kg a.i./ha, served as a model chemical. To validate the results from the TME test, a field study was run in parallel. In TMEs the cellulose paper inserted into the soil was decomposed faster than under field conditions. The carbendazim-induced effects on OM decomposition in TMEs and in the field were comparable and followed a clear dose-response relationship. The calculated EC50 values after 8 weeks of incubation were 9.5, 7.1 and 2.1 kg carbendazim/ha for grassland TMEs, grassland field and arable TMEs, respectively. The feeding activity of the soil fauna showed a large variability. The EC50 values for the effect of carbendazim on bait-lamina consumption ranged between 2.0 and 56 kg a.i./ha. Effects on decomposition were correlated with effects on enchytraeids and earthworms but not with effects on bait-lamina consumption.
Publication: Ecotoxicology 2004 Feb-Mar ;13(1-2)::129-41.
Publication Date: 2004 Feb-Mar
Study Author(s): Förster, Bernhard;Van Gestel, Cornelis A M;Koolhaas, Josée E;Nentwig, Gerrit;Rodrigues, José M L;Sousa, J Paulo;Jones, Susan E;Knacker, Thomas;
Institution: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim, Germany. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2004 Feb-Mar
Study Author(s): Förster, Bernhard;Van Gestel, Cornelis A M;Koolhaas, Josée E;Nentwig, Gerrit;Rodrigues, José M L;Sousa, J Paulo;Jones, Susan E;Knacker, Thomas;
Institution: ECT Oekotoxikologie GmbH, Böttgerstr. 2-14, D-65439 Flörsheim, Germany. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Organic matter (OM) decomposition and soil fauna feeding activity were integrated as functional endpoints into ecotoxicological tests with intact-soil-core Terrestrial Model Ecosystems (TMEs). Cellulose filter paper served as standardized OM and was either inserted into the top soil or placed on the soil surface for a period of up to 16 weeks. Faunal feeding activity was assessed by the bait-lamina method. The fungicide carbendazim, applied at six dosages ranging from 0.36 kg/ha to 87.5 kg a.i./ha, served as a model chemical. To validate the results from the TME test, a field study was run in parallel. In TMEs the cellulose paper inserted into the soil was decomposed faster than under field conditions. The carbendazim-induced effects on OM decomposition in TMEs and in the field were comparable and followed a clear dose-response relationship. The calculated EC50 values after 8 weeks of incubation were 9.5, 7.1 and 2.1 kg carbendazim/ha for grassland TMEs, grassland field and arable TMEs, respectively. The feeding activity of the soil fauna showed a large variability. The EC50 values for the effect of carbendazim on bait-lamina consumption ranged between 2.0 and 56 kg a.i./ha. Effects on decomposition were correlated with effects on enchytraeids and earthworms but not with effects on bait-lamina consumption.
PMID: 14992476
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