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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
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char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = A;code = 65
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
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char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = A;code = 65
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
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char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
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char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = i;code = 105
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect indicators of insulin sensitivity, plasma insulin and lipid concentrations, and lipid accumulation in muscle cells in lean and obese cats.
ANIMALS : 28 neutered adult cats.
PROCEDURE : IV glucose tolerance tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (lean phase) and after 21 weeks of ad libitum intake of either a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3-PUFAs; n = 14) or high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 14).
RESULTS : Compared with the lean phase, ad libitum food intake resulted in increased weight, body mass index, girth, and percentage fat in both groups. Baseline plasma glucose or insulin concentrations and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were unaffected by diet. Insulin AUC values for obese and lean cats fed 3-PUFAs did not differ, but values were higher in obese cats fed SFAs, compared with values for lean cats fed SFAs and obese cats fed 3-PUFAs. Nineteen cats that became glucose intolerant when obese had altered insulin secretion and decreased glucose clearance when lean. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by diet. Ad libitum intake of either diet resulted in an increase in both intra- and extramyocellular lipid. Obese cats fed SFAs had higher glycosylated hemoglobin concentration than obese cats fed 3-PUFAs.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : In obese cats, a diet high in 3-PUFAs appeared to improve long-term glucose control and decrease plasma insulin concentration. Obesity resulted in intra- and extramyocellular lipid accumulations (regardless of diet) that likely modulate insulin sensitivity.
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result sql = Assessment of the influence of fatty acids on indices of insulin sensitivity and myocellular lipid content by use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in cats.
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = U;code = 85
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = y;code = 121
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = V;code = 86
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = U;code = 85
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect indicators of insulin sensitivity, plasma insulin and lipid concentrations, and lipid accumulation in muscle cells in lean and obese cats.
ANIMALS : 28 neutered adult cats.
PROCEDURE : IV glucose tolerance tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (lean phase) and after 21 weeks of ad libitum intake of either a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3-PUFAs; n = 14) or high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 14).
RESULTS : Compared with the lean phase, ad libitum food intake resulted in increased weight, body mass index, girth, and percentage fat in both groups. Baseline plasma glucose or insulin concentrations and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were unaffected by diet. Insulin AUC values for obese and lean cats fed 3-PUFAs did not differ, but values were higher in obese cats fed SFAs, compared with values for lean cats fed SFAs and obese cats fed 3-PUFAs. Nineteen cats that became glucose intolerant when obese had altered insulin secretion and decreased glucose clearance when lean. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by diet. Ad libitum intake of either diet resulted in an increase in both intra- and extramyocellular lipid. Obese cats fed SFAs had higher glycosylated hemoglobin concentration than obese cats fed 3-PUFAs.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : In obese cats, a diet high in 3-PUFAs appeared to improve long-term glucose control and decrease plasma insulin concentration. Obesity resulted in intra- and extramyocellular lipid accumulations (regardless of diet) that likely modulate insulin sensitivity.
Publication: Am. J. Vet. Res. 2004 Aug ;65(8)::1090-9.
Publication Date: 2004 Aug
Study Author(s): Wilkins, Caroline;Long, Robert C;Waldron, Mark;Ferguson, Duncan C;Hoenig, Margarethe;
Institution: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2004 Aug
Study Author(s): Wilkins, Caroline;Long, Robert C;Waldron, Mark;Ferguson, Duncan C;Hoenig, Margarethe;
Institution: Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVE : To determine whether dietary fatty acids affect indicators of insulin sensitivity, plasma insulin and lipid concentrations, and lipid accumulation in muscle cells in lean and obese cats.
ANIMALS : 28 neutered adult cats.
PROCEDURE : IV glucose tolerance tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (lean phase) and after 21 weeks of ad libitum intake of either a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3-PUFAs; n = 14) or high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 14).
RESULTS : Compared with the lean phase, ad libitum food intake resulted in increased weight, body mass index, girth, and percentage fat in both groups. Baseline plasma glucose or insulin concentrations and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were unaffected by diet. Insulin AUC values for obese and lean cats fed 3-PUFAs did not differ, but values were higher in obese cats fed SFAs, compared with values for lean cats fed SFAs and obese cats fed 3-PUFAs. Nineteen cats that became glucose intolerant when obese had altered insulin secretion and decreased glucose clearance when lean. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by diet. Ad libitum intake of either diet resulted in an increase in both intra- and extramyocellular lipid. Obese cats fed SFAs had higher glycosylated hemoglobin concentration than obese cats fed 3-PUFAs.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : In obese cats, a diet high in 3-PUFAs appeared to improve long-term glucose control and decrease plasma insulin concentration. Obesity resulted in intra- and extramyocellular lipid accumulations (regardless of diet) that likely modulate insulin sensitivity.
ANIMALS : 28 neutered adult cats.
PROCEDURE : IV glucose tolerance tests and magnetic resonance imaging were performed before (lean phase) and after 21 weeks of ad libitum intake of either a diet high in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (3-PUFAs; n = 14) or high in saturated fatty acids (SFAs; 14).
RESULTS : Compared with the lean phase, ad libitum food intake resulted in increased weight, body mass index, girth, and percentage fat in both groups. Baseline plasma glucose or insulin concentrations and glucose area under the curve (AUC) were unaffected by diet. Insulin AUC values for obese and lean cats fed 3-PUFAs did not differ, but values were higher in obese cats fed SFAs, compared with values for lean cats fed SFAs and obese cats fed 3-PUFAs. Nineteen cats that became glucose intolerant when obese had altered insulin secretion and decreased glucose clearance when lean. Plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, and non-esterified fatty acid concentrations were unaffected by diet. Ad libitum intake of either diet resulted in an increase in both intra- and extramyocellular lipid. Obese cats fed SFAs had higher glycosylated hemoglobin concentration than obese cats fed 3-PUFAs.
CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE : In obese cats, a diet high in 3-PUFAs appeared to improve long-term glucose control and decrease plasma insulin concentration. Obesity resulted in intra- and extramyocellular lipid accumulations (regardless of diet) that likely modulate insulin sensitivity.
PMID: 15334843
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