|
|
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result sql = Effect of dietary glutamine on tumor glutathione levels and apoptosis-related proteins in DMBA-induced breast cancer of rats.
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result sql = Glutamine (GLN) is a non-essential amino acid that is present in nearly every biochemical pathway and is the major intraorgan nitrogen carrier. GLN via glutamate, is one of the precursors for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant in mammalian cells, which protects them from oxidative injury and cell death. Cancer cells have higher GSH levels than the surrounding normal cells, which attributes to a higher rate of cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, selective tumor depletion of GSH presents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Experimental studies have associated decreased GSH levels with inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. Previous results of our laboratory have provided evidence that dietary GLN diminished tumor development in implantable as well as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer and elevated GSH in the host tissues. In this study we examined the effects of GLN on GSH levels in DMBA-induced mammary tumors and correlated the results with protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in tumor cells. The results have shown that GLN supplementation caused a significant decrease in the tumor GSH levels and the ratio GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG), accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that dietary GLN supplementation suppresses mammary carcinogenesis by activation of apoptosis in tumor cells and this probably is a result of GSH down-regulation.
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Effect of dietary glutamine on tumor glutathione levels and apoptosis-related proteins in DMBA-induced breast cancer of rats.
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = r;code = 114
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char = G;code = 71
char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = S;code = 83
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char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = H;code = 72
char = /;code = 47
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char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
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char = d;code = 100
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char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
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char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Glutamine (GLN) is a non-essential amino acid that is present in nearly every biochemical pathway and is the major intraorgan nitrogen carrier. GLN via glutamate, is one of the precursors for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant in mammalian cells, which protects them from oxidative injury and cell death. Cancer cells have higher GSH levels than the surrounding normal cells, which attributes to a higher rate of cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, selective tumor depletion of GSH presents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Experimental studies have associated decreased GSH levels with inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. Previous results of our laboratory have provided evidence that dietary GLN diminished tumor development in implantable as well as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer and elevated GSH in the host tissues. In this study we examined the effects of GLN on GSH levels in DMBA-induced mammary tumors and correlated the results with protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in tumor cells. The results have shown that GLN supplementation caused a significant decrease in the tumor GSH levels and the ratio GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG), accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that dietary GLN supplementation suppresses mammary carcinogenesis by activation of apoptosis in tumor cells and this probably is a result of GSH down-regulation.
Publication: Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 2004 Dec ;88(3)::247-56.
Publication Date: 2004 Dec
Study Author(s): Todorova, Valentina K;Harms, Stacy A;Kaufmann, Yihong;Luo, Shaoke;Luo, Kevin Q;Babb, Kirk;Klimberg, V Suzanne;
Institution: Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2004 Dec
Study Author(s): Todorova, Valentina K;Harms, Stacy A;Kaufmann, Yihong;Luo, Shaoke;Luo, Kevin Q;Babb, Kirk;Klimberg, V Suzanne;
Institution: Division of Breast Surgical Oncology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Glutamine (GLN) is a non-essential amino acid that is present in nearly every biochemical pathway and is the major intraorgan nitrogen carrier. GLN via glutamate, is one of the precursors for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the major endogenous antioxidant in mammalian cells, which protects them from oxidative injury and cell death. Cancer cells have higher GSH levels than the surrounding normal cells, which attributes to a higher rate of cell proliferation and resistance to chemotherapy. Therefore, selective tumor depletion of GSH presents a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Experimental studies have associated decreased GSH levels with inhibition of proliferation and stimulation of apoptosis. Previous results of our laboratory have provided evidence that dietary GLN diminished tumor development in implantable as well as 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer and elevated GSH in the host tissues. In this study we examined the effects of GLN on GSH levels in DMBA-induced mammary tumors and correlated the results with protein and mRNA expression of apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3 in tumor cells. The results have shown that GLN supplementation caused a significant decrease in the tumor GSH levels and the ratio GSH/oxidized GSH (GSSG), accompanied by up-regulation of Bax and caspase-3, and down-regulation of Bcl-2. These findings suggest that dietary GLN supplementation suppresses mammary carcinogenesis by activation of apoptosis in tumor cells and this probably is a result of GSH down-regulation.
PMID: 15609127
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