|
|
char = S;code = 83
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Sleep, epilepsy and thalamic reticular inhibitory neurons.
Sleep, epilepsy and thalamic reticular inhibitory neurons.char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = O;code = 79
char = C;code = 67
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = W;code = 87
char = O;code = 79
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = O;code = 79
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = S;code = 83
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
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char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
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char = D;code = 68
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result sql = Thalamic reticular neurons release the potent inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and their main targets are thalamocortical neurons in the dorsal thalamus. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON TWO TOPICS: (i) the role of thalamic reticular neurons in the initiation of spindles, a hallmark oscillation during early sleep stages; and (ii) the reticular-induced inhibition of thalamocortical neurons during cortically generated spike-wave seizures. Although hotly debated during the past decade, the idea of spindle generation by a network of GABAergic reticular neurons was recently supported by in vivo and in computo studies demonstrating interactions between inhibitory reticular neurons that lead to spindle sequences. During spike-wave seizures and electrical paroxysms of the Lennox-Gastaut type, which arise in the neocortex, reticular neurons are powerfully excited through corticofugal projections and they produce prolonged inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in thalamocortical neurons. Thus, GABAergic reticular neurons are crucial in the generation of some sleep rhythms, which produce synaptic plasticity, and in inhibiting external signals through thalamocortical neurons, which leads to unconsciousness during absence epilepsy.
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result sql = Sleep, epilepsy and thalamic reticular inhibitory neurons.
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result sql = Thalamic reticular neurons release the potent inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and their main targets are thalamocortical neurons in the dorsal thalamus. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON TWO TOPICS: (i) the role of thalamic reticular neurons in the initiation of spindles, a hallmark oscillation during early sleep stages; and (ii) the reticular-induced inhibition of thalamocortical neurons during cortically generated spike-wave seizures. Although hotly debated during the past decade, the idea of spindle generation by a network of GABAergic reticular neurons was recently supported by in vivo and in computo studies demonstrating interactions between inhibitory reticular neurons that lead to spindle sequences. During spike-wave seizures and electrical paroxysms of the Lennox-Gastaut type, which arise in the neocortex, reticular neurons are powerfully excited through corticofugal projections and they produce prolonged inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in thalamocortical neurons. Thus, GABAergic reticular neurons are crucial in the generation of some sleep rhythms, which produce synaptic plasticity, and in inhibiting external signals through thalamocortical neurons, which leads to unconsciousness during absence epilepsy.
Publication: Trends Neurosci. 2005 Jun ;28(6)::317-24.
Publication Date: 2005 Jun
Study Author(s): Steriade, Mircea;
Institution: Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2005 Jun
Study Author(s): Steriade, Mircea;
Institution: Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada G1K 7P4. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Thalamic reticular neurons release the potent inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and their main targets are thalamocortical neurons in the dorsal thalamus. THIS ARTICLE FOCUSES ON TWO TOPICS: (i) the role of thalamic reticular neurons in the initiation of spindles, a hallmark oscillation during early sleep stages; and (ii) the reticular-induced inhibition of thalamocortical neurons during cortically generated spike-wave seizures. Although hotly debated during the past decade, the idea of spindle generation by a network of GABAergic reticular neurons was recently supported by in vivo and in computo studies demonstrating interactions between inhibitory reticular neurons that lead to spindle sequences. During spike-wave seizures and electrical paroxysms of the Lennox-Gastaut type, which arise in the neocortex, reticular neurons are powerfully excited through corticofugal projections and they produce prolonged inhibitory postsynaptic potentials in thalamocortical neurons. Thus, GABAergic reticular neurons are crucial in the generation of some sleep rhythms, which produce synaptic plasticity, and in inhibiting external signals through thalamocortical neurons, which leads to unconsciousness during absence epilepsy.
PMID: 15927688
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