|
|
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Tobacco use and associations of beta-carotene and vitamin intakes with colorectal adenoma risk.
Tobacco use and associations of beta-carotene and vitamin intakes with colorectal adenoma risk.char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
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char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
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char = g;code = 103
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char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
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char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = j;code = 106
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
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char = I;code = 73
char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
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char = r;code = 114
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char = (;code = 40
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char = f;code = 102
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = D;code = 68
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result sql = The effects of vitamins and beta-carotene on the risk of colorectal adenomas have not been fully investigated. Recent data suggest that smoking could modulate the effect of beta-carotene supplements on adenoma recurrence. We investigated the effect of dietary vitamins and beta-carotene on the risk of adenomas, and a potential interaction with smoking status as part of a case-control study of environmental factors associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancers. We compared nutrient intakes in polyp-free controls (n = 427) and adenoma cases (n = 362) globally and using models stratified by smoking status, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and energy and alcohol intakes. Folate and vitamins C and B-6 were inversely related to adenoma risk (P for trend = 0.005, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively), whereas vitamin D tended to be inversely associated with risk (P for trend = 0.05). There was a significant interaction between beta-carotene and smoking (P interaction = 0.04). In nonsmokers, beta-carotene was inversely associated with adenoma risk, especially that of colon adenomas [odds ratios (ORs) in low vs. high consumers and 95% CI 0.4 (0.2-0.9)], whereas in past or current smokers, beta-carotene was associated with a nonsignificant (P for trend = 0.19) increase in the risk of colon adenomas [corresponding OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 0.9-4.1)]. Our findings support a protective effect of folate and vitamins C and B-6 irrespective of smoking habits, and a protective effect of beta-carotene in nonsmokers only. They suggest an adverse effect of beta-carotene in smokers, who should be cautious about taking high doses of this micronutrient.
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Tobacco use and associations of beta-carotene and vitamin intakes with colorectal adenoma risk.
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
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char = B;code = 66
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = =;code = 61
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
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char = O;code = 79
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
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char = l;code = 108
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = y;code = 121
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char = g;code = 103
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
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char = n;code = 110
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
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result sql = The effects of vitamins and beta-carotene on the risk of colorectal adenomas have not been fully investigated. Recent data suggest that smoking could modulate the effect of beta-carotene supplements on adenoma recurrence. We investigated the effect of dietary vitamins and beta-carotene on the risk of adenomas, and a potential interaction with smoking status as part of a case-control study of environmental factors associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancers. We compared nutrient intakes in polyp-free controls (n = 427) and adenoma cases (n = 362) globally and using models stratified by smoking status, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and energy and alcohol intakes. Folate and vitamins C and B-6 were inversely related to adenoma risk (P for trend = 0.005, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively), whereas vitamin D tended to be inversely associated with risk (P for trend = 0.05). There was a significant interaction between beta-carotene and smoking (P interaction = 0.04). In nonsmokers, beta-carotene was inversely associated with adenoma risk, especially that of colon adenomas [odds ratios (ORs) in low vs. high consumers and 95% CI 0.4 (0.2-0.9)], whereas in past or current smokers, beta-carotene was associated with a nonsignificant (P for trend = 0.19) increase in the risk of colon adenomas [corresponding OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 0.9-4.1)]. Our findings support a protective effect of folate and vitamins C and B-6 irrespective of smoking habits, and a protective effect of beta-carotene in nonsmokers only. They suggest an adverse effect of beta-carotene in smokers, who should be cautious about taking high doses of this micronutrient.
Publication: J. Nutr. 2005 Oct ;135(10)::2468-72.
Publication Date: 2005 Oct
Study Author(s): Senesse, Pierre;Touvier, Mathilde;Kesse, Emmanuelle;Faivre, Jean;Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine;
Institution: Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon Cedex, France.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2005 Oct
Study Author(s): Senesse, Pierre;Touvier, Mathilde;Kesse, Emmanuelle;Faivre, Jean;Boutron-Ruault, Marie-Christine;
Institution: Registre Bourguignon des Cancers Digestifs, Faculté de Médecine, Dijon Cedex, France.
Shortcut link to this study:
The effects of vitamins and beta-carotene on the risk of colorectal adenomas have not been fully investigated. Recent data suggest that smoking could modulate the effect of beta-carotene supplements on adenoma recurrence. We investigated the effect of dietary vitamins and beta-carotene on the risk of adenomas, and a potential interaction with smoking status as part of a case-control study of environmental factors associated with the risk of colorectal adenomas and cancers. We compared nutrient intakes in polyp-free controls (n = 427) and adenoma cases (n = 362) globally and using models stratified by smoking status, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, and energy and alcohol intakes. Folate and vitamins C and B-6 were inversely related to adenoma risk (P for trend = 0.005, 0.03, and 0.02, respectively), whereas vitamin D tended to be inversely associated with risk (P for trend = 0.05). There was a significant interaction between beta-carotene and smoking (P interaction = 0.04). In nonsmokers, beta-carotene was inversely associated with adenoma risk, especially that of colon adenomas [odds ratios (ORs) in low vs. high consumers and 95% CI 0.4 (0.2-0.9)], whereas in past or current smokers, beta-carotene was associated with a nonsignificant (P for trend = 0.19) increase in the risk of colon adenomas [corresponding OR = 1.9 (95% CI = 0.9-4.1)]. Our findings support a protective effect of folate and vitamins C and B-6 irrespective of smoking habits, and a protective effect of beta-carotene in nonsmokers only. They suggest an adverse effect of beta-carotene in smokers, who should be cautious about taking high doses of this micronutrient.
PMID: 16177214
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