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char = e;code = 101
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char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = G;code = 71
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char = T;code = 84
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
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char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
result sql = A systematic approach to analysing gene-gene interactions: polymorphisms at the microsomal epoxide hydrolase EPHX and glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 loci and breast cancer risk.
A systematic approach to analysing gene-gene interactions: polymorphisms at the microsomal epoxide hydrolase EPHX and glutathione S-transferase GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 loci and breast cancer risk.
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
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char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 9;code = 57
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char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
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char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
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char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
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char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = P;code = 80
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = X;code = 88
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
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char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
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char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = X;code = 88
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = X;code = 88
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = M;code = 77
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = X;code = 88
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char = T;code = 84
char = C;code = 67
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char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
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char = %;code = 37
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char = C;code = 67
char = I;code = 73
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char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
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char = =;code = 61
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 9;code = 57
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = E;code = 69
char = P;code = 80
char = H;code = 72
char = X;code = 88
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char = C;code = 67
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = O;code = 79
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
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char = P;code = 80
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char = =;code = 61
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
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char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : We undertook a case-control study in an Australian Caucasian population-based sample of 1,246 cases and 664 controls to assess the roles of detoxification gene polymorphisms EPHX T>C Tyr(113)His, GSTT1 deletion, GSTM1 deletion, and GSTP1 A>G Ile(105)Val on risk of breast cancer.

METHODS : We systematically addressed the main effects and possible gene-gene interactions using unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for potential confounders and using standard model building approaches based on likelihood theory.

RESULTS : There was a decreased risk associated with the EPHX CC genotype [OR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.43-0.84; P = 0.003], marginally significant evidence of increased risk with GSTM1 null genotype (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.47; P = 0.05), but no association with GSTT1 null genotype (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.86-1.45; P = 0.4) or GSTP1 (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.10; P = 0.5) genotype. The full model with all interactions gave a significantly better fit than a main-effects-only model (P < 0.001), providing evidence for gene-gene interactions. The most parsimonious model included main effects for EPHX, GSTT1, and GSTM1; a two-way interaction between EPHX and GSTM1; and a three-way interaction between EPHX, GSTM1, and GSTT1. Predicted risks were greatest for women carrying deletions of both GSTT1 and GSTM1, with either the EPHX TC genotype (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.19-3.45; P = 0.009) or EPHX CC genotype (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.29-9.72; P = 0.14).

CONCLUSION : Detoxification gene polymorphisms may interact with each other to result in small groups of individuals at modestly increased risk. We caution against overinterpretation and suggest that pooling of similarly large studies is needed to clarify the possible role of such complex gene-gene interactions on breast cancer risk. 2007;16(4):769-74).

Publication: Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. 2007 Apr ;16(4)::769-74.
Publication Date: 2007 Apr
Study Author(s): Spurdle, Amanda B;Chang, Jiun-Horng;Byrnes, Graham B;Chen, Xiaoqing;Dite, Gillian S;McCredie, Margaret R E;Giles, Graham G;Southey, Melissa C;Chenevix-Trench, Georgia;Hopper, John L;
Institution: Cancer and Cell Biology Division, The Queensland Institute of Medical Research and The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVE : We undertook a case-control study in an Australian Caucasian population-based sample of 1,246 cases and 664 controls to assess the roles of detoxification gene polymorphisms EPHX T>C Tyr(113)His, GSTT1 deletion, GSTM1 deletion, and GSTP1 A>G Ile(105)Val on risk of breast cancer.

METHODS : We systematically addressed the main effects and possible gene-gene interactions using unconditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) adjusted for potential confounders and using standard model building approaches based on likelihood theory.

RESULTS : There was a decreased risk associated with the EPHX CC genotype [OR, 0.60; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.43-0.84; P = 0.003], marginally significant evidence of increased risk with GSTM1 null genotype (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.00-1.47; P = 0.05), but no association with GSTT1 null genotype (OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.86-1.45; P = 0.4) or GSTP1 (OR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.82-1.10; P = 0.5) genotype. The full model with all interactions gave a significantly better fit than a main-effects-only model (P < 0.001), providing evidence for gene-gene interactions. The most parsimonious model included main effects for EPHX, GSTT1, and GSTM1; a two-way interaction between EPHX and GSTM1; and a three-way interaction between EPHX, GSTM1, and GSTT1. Predicted risks were greatest for women carrying deletions of both GSTT1 and GSTM1, with either the EPHX TC genotype (OR, 2.02; 95% CI, 1.19-3.45; P = 0.009) or EPHX CC genotype (OR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.29-9.72; P = 0.14).

CONCLUSION : Detoxification gene polymorphisms may interact with each other to result in small groups of individuals at modestly increased risk. We caution against overinterpretation and suggest that pooling of similarly large studies is needed to clarify the possible role of such complex gene-gene interactions on breast cancer risk. 2007;16(4):769-74).
PMID: 17416769

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