|
|
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Comparative reproduction of Varroa destructor in different types of Russian and Italian honey bee combs.
Comparative reproduction of Varroa destructor in different types of Russian and Italian honey bee combs.char = E;code = 69
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
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char = w;code = 119
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char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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result sql = Earlier studies showed that Russian honey bees support slow growth of varroa mite population. We studied whether or not comb type influenced varroa reproduction in both Russian and Italian honey bees, and whether Russian bees produced comb which inhibited varroa reproduction. The major differences found in this study concerned honey bee type. Overall, the Russian honey bees had lower (2.44 +/- 0.18%) levels of varroa infestation than Italian honey bees (7.20 +/- 0.60%). This decreased infestation resulted in part from a reduced number of viable female offspring per foundress in the Russian (0.85 +/- 0.04 female) compared to the Italian (1.23 +/- 0.04 females) honey bee colonies. In addition, there was an effect by the comb built by the Russian honey bee colonies that reduced varroa reproduction. When comparing combs having Russian or Italian colony origins, Russian honey bee colonies had more non-reproducing foundress mites and fewer viable female offspring in Russian honey bee comb. This difference did not occur in Italian colonies. The age of comb in this study had mixed effects. Older comb produced similar responses for six of the seven varroa infestation parameters measured. In colonies of Italian honey bees, the older comb (2001 dark) had fewer (1.13 +/- 0.07 females) viable female offspring per foundress than were found in the 2002 new (1.21 +/- 0.06 females) and 1980s new (1.36 +/- 0.08 females) combs. This difference did not occur with Russian honey bee colonies where the number of viable female offspring was low in all three types of combs. This study suggests that honey bee type largely influences growth of varroa mite population in a colony.
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char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Comparative reproduction of Varroa destructor in different types of Russian and Italian honey bee combs.
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = 0;code = 48
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Earlier studies showed that Russian honey bees support slow growth of varroa mite population. We studied whether or not comb type influenced varroa reproduction in both Russian and Italian honey bees, and whether Russian bees produced comb which inhibited varroa reproduction. The major differences found in this study concerned honey bee type. Overall, the Russian honey bees had lower (2.44 +/- 0.18%) levels of varroa infestation than Italian honey bees (7.20 +/- 0.60%). This decreased infestation resulted in part from a reduced number of viable female offspring per foundress in the Russian (0.85 +/- 0.04 female) compared to the Italian (1.23 +/- 0.04 females) honey bee colonies. In addition, there was an effect by the comb built by the Russian honey bee colonies that reduced varroa reproduction. When comparing combs having Russian or Italian colony origins, Russian honey bee colonies had more non-reproducing foundress mites and fewer viable female offspring in Russian honey bee comb. This difference did not occur in Italian colonies. The age of comb in this study had mixed effects. Older comb produced similar responses for six of the seven varroa infestation parameters measured. In colonies of Italian honey bees, the older comb (2001 dark) had fewer (1.13 +/- 0.07 females) viable female offspring per foundress than were found in the 2002 new (1.21 +/- 0.06 females) and 1980s new (1.36 +/- 0.08 females) combs. This difference did not occur with Russian honey bee colonies where the number of viable female offspring was low in all three types of combs. This study suggests that honey bee type largely influences growth of varroa mite population in a colony.
Publication: Exp. Appl. Acarol. 2008 Mar ;44(3)::227-38. :doi: 10.1007/s10493-008-9142-1.
Publication Date: 2008 Mar
Study Author(s): de Guzman, Lilia I;Rinderer, Thomas E;Frake, Amanda M;
Institution: USDA/ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 Mar
Study Author(s): de Guzman, Lilia I;Rinderer, Thomas E;Frake, Amanda M;
Institution: USDA/ARS, Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Laboratory, 1157 Ben Hur Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA. [email protected]
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Earlier studies showed that Russian honey bees support slow growth of varroa mite population. We studied whether or not comb type influenced varroa reproduction in both Russian and Italian honey bees, and whether Russian bees produced comb which inhibited varroa reproduction. The major differences found in this study concerned honey bee type. Overall, the Russian honey bees had lower (2.44 +/- 0.18%) levels of varroa infestation than Italian honey bees (7.20 +/- 0.60%). This decreased infestation resulted in part from a reduced number of viable female offspring per foundress in the Russian (0.85 +/- 0.04 female) compared to the Italian (1.23 +/- 0.04 females) honey bee colonies. In addition, there was an effect by the comb built by the Russian honey bee colonies that reduced varroa reproduction. When comparing combs having Russian or Italian colony origins, Russian honey bee colonies had more non-reproducing foundress mites and fewer viable female offspring in Russian honey bee comb. This difference did not occur in Italian colonies. The age of comb in this study had mixed effects. Older comb produced similar responses for six of the seven varroa infestation parameters measured. In colonies of Italian honey bees, the older comb (2001 dark) had fewer (1.13 +/- 0.07 females) viable female offspring per foundress than were found in the 2002 new (1.21 +/- 0.06 females) and 1980s new (1.36 +/- 0.08 females) combs. This difference did not occur with Russian honey bee colonies where the number of viable female offspring was low in all three types of combs. This study suggests that honey bee type largely influences growth of varroa mite population in a colony.
PMID: 18392942
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