char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Differences in intragastric pH in diabetic vs. idiopathic gastroparesis: relation to degree of gastric retention.
Differences in intragastric pH in diabetic vs. idiopathic gastroparesis: relation to degree of gastric retention.
char = E;code = 69
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = T;code = 84
char = c;code = 99
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
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char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
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char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
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char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = >;code = 62
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
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result sql = Evidence suggests that distinct mechanisms underlie diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Differences in gastric acid in gastroparesis of different etiologies and varying degrees of gastric stasis are uninvestigated. We tested the hypotheses that 1) gastric pH profiles show differential alteration in diabetic vs. idiopathic gastroparesis and 2) abnormal pH profiles relate to the severity of gastric stasis. Sixty-four healthy control subjects and 44 gastroparesis patients (20 diabetic, 24 idiopathic) swallowed wireless transmitting capsules and then consumed (99m)Tc-sulfur colloid-labeled meals for gastric scintigraphy. Gastric pH from the capsule was recorded every 5 s. Basal pH was higher in diabetic (3.64 +/- 0.41) vs. control subjects (1.90 +/- 0.18) and idiopathic subjects (2.41 +/- 0.42; P < 0.05). Meals evoked initial pH increases that were greater in diabetic (4.98 +/- 0.32) than idiopathic patients (3.89 +/- 0.39; P = 0.03) but not control subjects (4.48 +/- 0.14). pH nadirs prior to gastric capsule evacuation were higher in diabetic patients (1.50 +/- 0.23) than control subjects (0.58 +/- 0.11; P = 0.003). Four-hour gastric retention was similar in diabetic (18.3 +/- 0.5%) and idiopathic (19.4 +/- 0.5%) patients but higher than control subjects (2.2 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.001). Compared with control subjects, those with moderate-severe stasis (>20% retention at 4 h) had higher basal (3.91 +/- 0.55) and nadir pH (2.23 +/- 0.42) values (P < 0.05). In subgroup analyses, both diabetic and idiopathic patients with moderate-severe gastroparesis exhibited increased pH parameters vs. those with mild gastroparesis. In conclusion, diabetic patients with gastroparesis exhibit reduced gastric acid, an effect more pronounced in those with severely delayed gastric emptying. Idiopathic gastroparetic subjects exhibit nearly normal acid profiles, although those with severely delayed emptying show reduced acid vs. those with mild delays. Thus both etiology and degree of gastric stasis determine gastric acidity in gastroparesis.

Publication: Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol. 2008 Jun ;294(6)::G1384-91. :doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00023.2008.
Publication Date: 2008 Jun
Study Author(s): Hasler, William L;Coleski, Radoslav;Chey, William D;Koch, Kenneth L;McCallum, Richard W;Wo, John M;Kuo, Braden;Sitrin, Michael D;Katz, Leonard A;Hwang, Judy;Semler, John R;Parkman, Henry P;
Institution: Division of Gastroenterology, Univ. of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Evidence suggests that distinct mechanisms underlie diabetic and idiopathic gastroparesis. Differences in gastric acid in gastroparesis of different etiologies and varying degrees of gastric stasis are uninvestigated. We tested the hypotheses that 1) gastric pH profiles show differential alteration in diabetic vs. idiopathic gastroparesis and 2) abnormal pH profiles relate to the severity of gastric stasis. Sixty-four healthy control subjects and 44 gastroparesis patients (20 diabetic, 24 idiopathic) swallowed wireless transmitting capsules and then consumed (99m)Tc-sulfur colloid-labeled meals for gastric scintigraphy. Gastric pH from the capsule was recorded every 5 s. Basal pH was higher in diabetic (3.64 +/- 0.41) vs. control subjects (1.90 +/- 0.18) and idiopathic subjects (2.41 +/- 0.42; P < 0.05). Meals evoked initial pH increases that were greater in diabetic (4.98 +/- 0.32) than idiopathic patients (3.89 +/- 0.39; P = 0.03) but not control subjects (4.48 +/- 0.14). pH nadirs prior to gastric capsule evacuation were higher in diabetic patients (1.50 +/- 0.23) than control subjects (0.58 +/- 0.11; P = 0.003). Four-hour gastric retention was similar in diabetic (18.3 +/- 0.5%) and idiopathic (19.4 +/- 0.5%) patients but higher than control subjects (2.2 +/- 0.5%; P < 0.001). Compared with control subjects, those with moderate-severe stasis (>20% retention at 4 h) had higher basal (3.91 +/- 0.55) and nadir pH (2.23 +/- 0.42) values (P < 0.05). In subgroup analyses, both diabetic and idiopathic patients with moderate-severe gastroparesis exhibited increased pH parameters vs. those with mild gastroparesis. In conclusion, diabetic patients with gastroparesis exhibit reduced gastric acid, an effect more pronounced in those with severely delayed gastric emptying. Idiopathic gastroparetic subjects exhibit nearly normal acid profiles, although those with severely delayed emptying show reduced acid vs. those with mild delays. Thus both etiology and degree of gastric stasis determine gastric acidity in gastroparesis.
PMID: 18403619

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