char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = -;code = 45 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Pathways to injury in chronic pancreatitis: decoding the role of the high-risk SPINK1 N34S haplotype using meta-analysis.
Pathways to injury in chronic pancreatitis: decoding the role of the high-risk SPINK1 N34S haplotype using meta-analysis.char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = B;code = 66 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = K;code = 75 char = G;code = 71 char = R;code = 82 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = ,;code = 44 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = ,;code = 44 char = 8;code = 56 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 9;code = 57 char = -;code = 45 char = 1;code = 49 char = 5;code = 53 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 3;code = 51 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 8;code = 56 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = 6;code = 54 char = -;code = 45 char = 7;code = 55 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = 5;code = 53 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = .;code = 46 char = I;code = 73 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 9;code = 57 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 6;code = 54 char = 7;code = 55 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = O;code = 79 char = R;code = 82 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = .;code = 46 char = I;code = 73 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = 3;code = 51 char = -;code = 45 char = 4;code = 52 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 6;code = 54 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = K;code = 75 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = 3;code = 51 char = 4;code = 52 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 result sql = BACKGROUND : The complex interactions between recurrent trypsin-mediated pancreatic injury, alcohol-associated pancreatic injury and SPINK1 polymorphisms in chronic pancreatitis (CP) are undefined. We hypothesize that CP occurs as a result of multiple pathological mechanisms (pathways) that are initiated by different metabolic or environmental factors (etiologies) and may be influenced differentially by downstream genetic risk factors. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the differences in effect size of the high risk SPINK1 N34S haplotype on CP from multiple etiologies after combining clinical reports of SPINK1 N34S frequency using meta-analysis.METHODS AND FINDINGS : The Pubmed and the Embase databases were reviewed. We studied 24 reports of SPINK1 N34S in CP (2,421 cases, 4,857 controls) using reported etiological factors as surrogates for pathways and multiple meta-analyses to determine the differential effects of SPINK1 N34S between alcoholic and non-alcoholic etiologies. Using estimates of between-study heterogeneity, we sub-classified our 24 studies into four specific clusters. We found that SPINK1 N34S is strongly associated with CP overall (OR 11.00; 95% CI: 7.59-15.93), but the effect of SPINK1 N34S in alcoholic CP (OR 4.98, 95% CI: 3.16-7.85) was significantly smaller than in idiopathic CP (OR 14.97, 95% C.I. = 9.09-24.67) or tropical CP (OR 19.15, 95% C.I. = 8.83-41.56). Studies analyzing familial CP showed very high heterogeneity suggestive of a complex etiology with an I(2) = 80.95%.CONCLUSION : The small effect of SPINK1 N34S in alcoholic subjects suggests that CP is driven through a different pathway that is largely trypsin-independent. The results also suggest that large effect sizes of SPINK1 N34S in small candidate gene studies in CP may be related to a mixture of multiple etiologic pathways leading to the same clinical endpoint.
Publication: PLoS ONE 2008 ;3(4)::e2003. :doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002003.
Publication Date: 2008
Study Author(s): Aoun, Elie;Chang, Chung-Chou H;Greer, Julia B;Papachristou, Georgios I;Barmada, M Michael;Whitcomb, David C;
Institution: Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America.
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : The complex interactions between recurrent trypsin-mediated pancreatic injury, alcohol-associated pancreatic injury and SPINK1 polymorphisms in chronic pancreatitis (CP) are undefined. We hypothesize that CP occurs as a result of multiple pathological mechanisms (pathways) that are initiated by different metabolic or environmental factors (etiologies) and may be influenced differentially by downstream genetic risk factors. We tested this hypothesis by evaluating the differences in effect size of the high risk SPINK1 N34S haplotype on CP from multiple etiologies after combining clinical reports of SPINK1 N34S frequency using meta-analysis.METHODS AND FINDINGS : The Pubmed and the Embase databases were reviewed. We studied 24 reports of SPINK1 N34S in CP (2,421 cases, 4,857 controls) using reported etiological factors as surrogates for pathways and multiple meta-analyses to determine the differential effects of SPINK1 N34S between alcoholic and non-alcoholic etiologies. Using estimates of between-study heterogeneity, we sub-classified our 24 studies into four specific clusters. We found that SPINK1 N34S is strongly associated with CP overall (OR 11.00; 95% CI: 7.59-15.93), but the effect of SPINK1 N34S in alcoholic CP (OR 4.98, 95% CI: 3.16-7.85) was significantly smaller than in idiopathic CP (OR 14.97, 95% C.I. = 9.09-24.67) or tropical CP (OR 19.15, 95% C.I. = 8.83-41.56). Studies analyzing familial CP showed very high heterogeneity suggestive of a complex etiology with an I(2) = 80.95%.CONCLUSION : The small effect of SPINK1 N34S in alcoholic subjects suggests that CP is driven through a different pathway that is largely trypsin-independent. The results also suggest that large effect sizes of SPINK1 N34S in small candidate gene studies in CP may be related to a mixture of multiple etiologic pathways leading to the same clinical endpoint.
PMID: 18414673