|
|
char = Q;code = 81
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char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
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char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Quercetin from shallots (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) is more bioavailable than its glucosides.
Quercetin from shallots (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) is more bioavailable than its glucosides.char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
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char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
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char = m;code = 109
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
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result sql = The lipophilic character of quercetin suggests that it can cross enterocyte membranes via simple diffusion. Therefore, it should be more bioavailable than its glucosides, which require preliminary hydrolysis or active transport for absorption. However, the published human studies show that quercetin is less bioavailable than its glucosides. Assuming that low bioavailability of quercetin aglycone provided to humans as a pure substance is the result of its low solubility in the digestive tract, we studied its bioavailability from dietary sources in which quercetin was dispersed in the food matrix. In a randomized crossover study, 9 volunteers took a single dose of either shallot flesh (99.2% quercetin glucosides and 0.8% quercetin aglycone) or dry shallot skin (83.3% quercetin aglycone and 16.7% quercetin glucosides), providing 1.4 mg quercetin per kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected before and after consumption of shallot preparations. Plasma quercetin was measured on HPLC with electrochemical detection after plasma enzymatic treatment. The maximum plasma quercetin concentration of 1.02 +/- 0.13 micromol/L was reached at 2.33 +/- 0.50 h after shallot flesh consumption compared with 3.95 +/- 0.62 micromol/L at 2.78 +/- 0.15 h after dry skin consumption. The area under the concentration-time curve after dry skin consumption was 47.23 +/- 7.53 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1) and was significantly higher than that after shallot flesh intake (22.23 +/- 2.32 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1)). When provided along with dietary sources, quercetin aglycone is more bioavailable than its glucosides in humans. Results point to the food matrix as a key factor.
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Quercetin from shallots (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) is more bioavailable than its glucosides.
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = x;code = 120
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
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result sql = The lipophilic character of quercetin suggests that it can cross enterocyte membranes via simple diffusion. Therefore, it should be more bioavailable than its glucosides, which require preliminary hydrolysis or active transport for absorption. However, the published human studies show that quercetin is less bioavailable than its glucosides. Assuming that low bioavailability of quercetin aglycone provided to humans as a pure substance is the result of its low solubility in the digestive tract, we studied its bioavailability from dietary sources in which quercetin was dispersed in the food matrix. In a randomized crossover study, 9 volunteers took a single dose of either shallot flesh (99.2% quercetin glucosides and 0.8% quercetin aglycone) or dry shallot skin (83.3% quercetin aglycone and 16.7% quercetin glucosides), providing 1.4 mg quercetin per kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected before and after consumption of shallot preparations. Plasma quercetin was measured on HPLC with electrochemical detection after plasma enzymatic treatment. The maximum plasma quercetin concentration of 1.02 +/- 0.13 micromol/L was reached at 2.33 +/- 0.50 h after shallot flesh consumption compared with 3.95 +/- 0.62 micromol/L at 2.78 +/- 0.15 h after dry skin consumption. The area under the concentration-time curve after dry skin consumption was 47.23 +/- 7.53 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1) and was significantly higher than that after shallot flesh intake (22.23 +/- 2.32 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1)). When provided along with dietary sources, quercetin aglycone is more bioavailable than its glucosides in humans. Results point to the food matrix as a key factor.
Publication: J. Nutr. 2008 May ;138(5)::885-8.
Publication Date: 2008 May
Study Author(s): Wiczkowski, Wieslaw;Romaszko, Jerzy;Bucinski, Adam;Szawara-Nowak, Dorota;Honke, Joanna;Zielinski, Henryk;Piskula, Mariusz K;
Institution: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2008 May
Study Author(s): Wiczkowski, Wieslaw;Romaszko, Jerzy;Bucinski, Adam;Szawara-Nowak, Dorota;Honke, Joanna;Zielinski, Henryk;Piskula, Mariusz K;
Institution: Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-747 Olsztyn, Poland.
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The lipophilic character of quercetin suggests that it can cross enterocyte membranes via simple diffusion. Therefore, it should be more bioavailable than its glucosides, which require preliminary hydrolysis or active transport for absorption. However, the published human studies show that quercetin is less bioavailable than its glucosides. Assuming that low bioavailability of quercetin aglycone provided to humans as a pure substance is the result of its low solubility in the digestive tract, we studied its bioavailability from dietary sources in which quercetin was dispersed in the food matrix. In a randomized crossover study, 9 volunteers took a single dose of either shallot flesh (99.2% quercetin glucosides and 0.8% quercetin aglycone) or dry shallot skin (83.3% quercetin aglycone and 16.7% quercetin glucosides), providing 1.4 mg quercetin per kg of body weight. Blood samples were collected before and after consumption of shallot preparations. Plasma quercetin was measured on HPLC with electrochemical detection after plasma enzymatic treatment. The maximum plasma quercetin concentration of 1.02 +/- 0.13 micromol/L was reached at 2.33 +/- 0.50 h after shallot flesh consumption compared with 3.95 +/- 0.62 micromol/L at 2.78 +/- 0.15 h after dry skin consumption. The area under the concentration-time curve after dry skin consumption was 47.23 +/- 7.53 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1) and was significantly higher than that after shallot flesh intake (22.23 +/- 2.32 micromol x h(-1) x L(-1)). When provided along with dietary sources, quercetin aglycone is more bioavailable than its glucosides in humans. Results point to the food matrix as a key factor.
PMID: 18424596
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