char = S;code = 83 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Sugar feeding in adult stable flies.
Sugar feeding in adult stable flies.char = A;code = 65 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = .;code = 46 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 4;code = 52 char = -;code = 45 char = 4;code = 52 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = %;code = 37 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = %;code = 37 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = -;code = 45 char = J;code = 74 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Adult stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) are known to feed readily on sugars in the laboratory. However, little is known concerning the extent of stable fly sugar feeding in wild populations. We examined the frequency of sugar feeding in stable flies collected on Alsynite sticky traps in rural and urban environments. In addition, stable flies were visually examined to determine whether blood was present in the gut. In laboratory studies, sugars were detectable with the anthrone technique in stable flies for approximately 3 d after being imbibed, and blood could be visually detected in the gut for 24-48 h after feeding. Twelve percent of the field-collected flies had detectable sugar with a higher percentage of the urban flies having sugar fed than the rural flies, 21 and 8%, respectively. Female flies sugar fed at a slightly higher rate than males, 13 versus 11%, respectively. Less than 1% of the field-collected flies had blood in their guts. The frequency of observable blood was slightly higher in flies collected in an urban environment compared with those collected in a rural environment and did not differ between male and female flies. The number of flies with both blood and sugar was slightly higher than would be expected based on the frequencies of each alone. Seasonal patterns of both sugar feeding and blood feeding were similar in the rural and urban environments; both peaked in the early summer, May to mid-June, and dropped through the summer and fall. Sugar feeding in the urban environment increased again in October.
Publication: Environ. Entomol. 2008 Jun ;37(3)::625-9.
Publication Date: 2008 Jun
Study Author(s): Taylor, David B;Berkebile, Dennis R;
Institution: USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit, Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Adult stable flies (Stomoxys calcitrans L.) are known to feed readily on sugars in the laboratory. However, little is known concerning the extent of stable fly sugar feeding in wild populations. We examined the frequency of sugar feeding in stable flies collected on Alsynite sticky traps in rural and urban environments. In addition, stable flies were visually examined to determine whether blood was present in the gut. In laboratory studies, sugars were detectable with the anthrone technique in stable flies for approximately 3 d after being imbibed, and blood could be visually detected in the gut for 24-48 h after feeding. Twelve percent of the field-collected flies had detectable sugar with a higher percentage of the urban flies having sugar fed than the rural flies, 21 and 8%, respectively. Female flies sugar fed at a slightly higher rate than males, 13 versus 11%, respectively. Less than 1% of the field-collected flies had blood in their guts. The frequency of observable blood was slightly higher in flies collected in an urban environment compared with those collected in a rural environment and did not differ between male and female flies. The number of flies with both blood and sugar was slightly higher than would be expected based on the frequencies of each alone. Seasonal patterns of both sugar feeding and blood feeding were similar in the rural and urban environments; both peaked in the early summer, May to mid-June, and dropped through the summer and fall. Sugar feeding in the urban environment increased again in October.
PMID: 18559167