char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = p;code = 112
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Increasing prevalence of cocaine as the primary detoxification diagnosis among admissions presenting with current intravenous drug use: a review of detoxification records from northern British Columbia, 1999-2005.
Increasing prevalence of cocaine as the primary detoxification diagnosis among admissions presenting with current intravenous drug use: a review of detoxification records from northern British Columbia, 1999-2005.
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = O;code = 79
char = B;code = 66
char = J;code = 74
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
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char = g;code = 103
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char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
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char = D;code = 68
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
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char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = W;code = 87
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = -;code = 45
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = -;code = 45
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = D;code = 68
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
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char = G;code = 71
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
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char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
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char = m;code = 109
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char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
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char = E;code = 69
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
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char = <;code = 60
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char = S;code = 83
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = B;code = 66
char = C;code = 67
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
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char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
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char = I;code = 73
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char = i;code = 105
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char = p;code = 112
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char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
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char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
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char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
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char = :;code = 58
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
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char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
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char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = D;code = 68
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = D;code = 68
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = D;code = 68
char = U;code = 85
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = OBJECTIVES : This study sought to document the trends in drug use among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in northern British Columbia, and to discuss the public health implications.

METHOD : We conducted a 7-year medical-chart review of all IDU-related admissions (n = 2072) to an inpatient alcohol and drug detoxification centre in Prince George, British Columbia. Primary detoxification diagnosis was modeled onto year of admission using generalized estimating equations (GEE).

RESULTS : Our study demonstrated an increasing prevalence of cocaine as the primary detoxification diagnosis in IDU-related admissions in northern BC, from 32% of all IDU admissions in 1999 to 64% in 2001, and then a relatively steady elevated rate of approximately 60% between 2001-2005.

CONCLUSIONS : Given that needle exchange programs and other harm reduction services for IDUs in British Columbia are not readily available in many northern and rural areas, the risks associated with intravenous cocaine use among northern IDUs represent a serious public health challenge. Tailored harm reduction strategies should take into account the prominence of intravenous cocaine use as an HIV risk factor. In areas without well-established intravenous drug use monitoring programs, such as rural and remote areas, detoxification treatment records may serve as important sentinels for changing drug use patterns among IDUs.

Publication: Can J Public Health 2008 May-Jun ;99(3)::178-81.
Publication Date: 2008 May-Jun
Study Author(s): Callaghan, Russell C;Strike, Carol;Kerr, Thomas;Fischer, Benedikt;Buxton, Jane;Stevens, Emma;Taylor, Lawren;Victor, J Charles;
Institution: Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVES : This study sought to document the trends in drug use among intravenous drug users (IDUs) in northern British Columbia, and to discuss the public health implications.

METHOD : We conducted a 7-year medical-chart review of all IDU-related admissions (n = 2072) to an inpatient alcohol and drug detoxification centre in Prince George, British Columbia. Primary detoxification diagnosis was modeled onto year of admission using generalized estimating equations (GEE).

RESULTS : Our study demonstrated an increasing prevalence of cocaine as the primary detoxification diagnosis in IDU-related admissions in northern BC, from 32% of all IDU admissions in 1999 to 64% in 2001, and then a relatively steady elevated rate of approximately 60% between 2001-2005.

CONCLUSIONS : Given that needle exchange programs and other harm reduction services for IDUs in British Columbia are not readily available in many northern and rural areas, the risks associated with intravenous cocaine use among northern IDUs represent a serious public health challenge. Tailored harm reduction strategies should take into account the prominence of intravenous cocaine use as an HIV risk factor. In areas without well-established intravenous drug use monitoring programs, such as rural and remote areas, detoxification treatment records may serve as important sentinels for changing drug use patterns among IDUs.
PMID: 18615936

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