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result sql = A comparative study of the effects of quercetin and its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites on human neutrophil function in vitro.

A comparative study of the effects of quercetin and its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites on human neutrophil function in vitro.

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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ';code = 39
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = b;code = 98
char = /;code = 47
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 7;code = 55
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = D;code = 68
char = 6;code = 54
char = 2;code = 50
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ';code = 39
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = ';code = 39
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = M;code = 77
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = M;code = 77
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Exposure of neutrophils to either lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) is associated with changes in the expression of cell adhesion molecules and elevation of intracellular calcium ions. Although dietary flavonoids are reported to possess anti-inflammatory properties, little is known regarding the effect of their metabolites. We have investigated the effects of quercetin and its major metabolites on LPS and fMLP-stimulated human neutrophils using concentrations comparable to those reported in feeding studies on human volunteers. The metabolite quercetin 3-glucuronide caused a significant reduction in fMLP-evoked calcium influx in human neutrophils (approximately 35%), while neither quercetin 3'-sulfate nor quercetin produced a similar change. Acute exposure of human neutrophils to LPS altered cell shape and surface expression of CD16, but neither of these events were significantly altered by quercetin, quercetin 3-glucuronide nor quercetin 3'-sulfate. In addition, LPS caused a fivefold up-regulation in the expression of beta(2)-integrin (CD11b/Mac 1) and a concomitant 70% down-regulation of L-selectin (CD62L) adhesion molecule expression in human neutrophils. Neither effect was altered by quercetin, quercetin 3-glucuronide or quercetin 3'-sulfate. In conclusion, we found that acute exposure to quercetin and quercetin 3'-sulfate does not affect either expression of cell adhesion molecules or the elevation of intracellular calcium ions in response to LPS and fMLP in human neutrophils. However, quercetin 3-glucuronide reduced fMLP-evoked calcium responses. While this study highlights that metabolites of quercetin may possess different biological properties, dietary ingestion of quercetin is unlikely to exert a major effect on neutrophil function in vivo.

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