char = C;code = 67 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = 5;code = 53 char = N;code = 78 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Cross-clade protective immunity of H5N1 influenza vaccines in a mouse model.
Cross-clade protective immunity of H5N1 influenza vaccines in a mouse model.char = H;code = 72 char = 5;code = 53 char = N;code = 78 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = 5;code = 53 char = N;code = 78 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = 5;code = 53 char = N;code = 78 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = 5;code = 53 char = N;code = 78 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 4;code = 52 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = 5;code = 53 char = N;code = 78 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = -;code = 45 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = -;code = 45 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = -;code = 45 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses evolved into several clades, leading to appreciably distinct antigenicities of their hemagglutinins. As such, candidate H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccines for human use should be sought. Here, to evaluate fundamental immunogenic variations between H5N1 vaccines, we prepared four inactivated H5N1 test vaccines from different phylogenetic clades (clade 1, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3.4) in accordance with the WHO recommendation, and tested their cross-clade immunity in a mouse model by vaccination followed by challenge with heterologous virulent viruses. All H5N1 vaccines tested provided full or partial cross-clade protective immunity, except one clade 2.2-based vaccine, which did not protect mice from clade 2.3.4 virus challenge. Among the test vaccines, a clade 2.1-based vaccine possessed the broadest-spectrum cross-immunity. These results suggest that currently stockpiled pre-pandemic vaccines, especially clade 2.1-based vaccines, will likely be useful as backup vaccines in a pandemic situation, even one involving antigenic-drifted viruses.
Publication: Vaccine 2008 Nov 25 ;26(50)::6398-404. :doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2008.08.053.
Publication Date: 2008 Nov 25
Study Author(s): Murakami, Shin;Iwasa, Ayaka;Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Kiyoko;Ito, Mutsumi;Kiso, Maki;Kida, Hiroshi;Takada, Ayato;Nidom, Chairul A;Mai, Le Quynh;Yamada, Shinya;Imai, Hirotaka;Sakai-Tagawa, Yuko;Kawaoka, Yoshihiro;Horimoto, Taisuke;
Institution: Division of Virology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses evolved into several clades, leading to appreciably distinct antigenicities of their hemagglutinins. As such, candidate H5N1 pre-pandemic vaccines for human use should be sought. Here, to evaluate fundamental immunogenic variations between H5N1 vaccines, we prepared four inactivated H5N1 test vaccines from different phylogenetic clades (clade 1, 2.1, 2.2, and 2.3.4) in accordance with the WHO recommendation, and tested their cross-clade immunity in a mouse model by vaccination followed by challenge with heterologous virulent viruses. All H5N1 vaccines tested provided full or partial cross-clade protective immunity, except one clade 2.2-based vaccine, which did not protect mice from clade 2.3.4 virus challenge. Among the test vaccines, a clade 2.1-based vaccine possessed the broadest-spectrum cross-immunity. These results suggest that currently stockpiled pre-pandemic vaccines, especially clade 2.1-based vaccines, will likely be useful as backup vaccines in a pandemic situation, even one involving antigenic-drifted viruses.
PMID: 18804131