char = P;code = 80 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Pyrethroid resistance mediated by enzyme detoxification in Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Connecticut.
Pyrethroid resistance mediated by enzyme detoxification in Listronotus maculicollis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Connecticut.char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 9;code = 57 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = ";code = 34 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = ";code = 34 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = K;code = 75 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = L;code = 76 char = E;code = 69 char = O;code = 79 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = E;code = 69 char = R;code = 82 char = A;code = 65 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = /;code = 47 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = E;code = 69 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = N;code = 78 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = H;code = 72 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = 4;code = 52 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = T;code = 84 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = E;code = 69 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = In 2009, pyrethroid resistance was confirmed for seven "annual bluegrass weevil" Listronotus maculicollis Kirby (COLEOPTERA: Curculionidae) adult populations from southern New England. The mechanisms responsible for conferring this resistance were unknown. In this study, topical application bioassays with bifenthrin and bifenthrin combined with synergists affecting three detoxification systems were conducted on four field-collected adult populations of L. maculicollis from Connecticut to determined whether cytochrome P450 monooxgenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and/or carboxyl-esterases (COEs) mediated metabolic detoxification. Because a susceptible L. maculicollis laboratory strain does not exist, the most susceptible field-collected population (New Haven) provided a baseline against which all other populations were compared. In the population with the lowest resistance (Norwich), only detoxification by P450s was significant. Detoxification in the population with the second highest level of resistance (Stamford) involved both P450s and GSTs. Detoxification in the population with the highest level of resistance (Hartford) involved P450s, GSTs, and COEs. This study suggests that enzyme-mediated metabolic detoxification plays an important role in annual bluegrass weevil pyrethroid resistance.
Publication: J. Econ. Entomol. 2009 Jun ;102(3)::1203-8.
Publication Date: 2009 Jun
Study Author(s): Ramoutar, Darryl;Cowles, Richard S;Alm, Steven R;
Institution: Department of Plant Sciences and Entomology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
In 2009, pyrethroid resistance was confirmed for seven "annual bluegrass weevil" Listronotus maculicollis Kirby (COLEOPTERA: Curculionidae) adult populations from southern New England. The mechanisms responsible for conferring this resistance were unknown. In this study, topical application bioassays with bifenthrin and bifenthrin combined with synergists affecting three detoxification systems were conducted on four field-collected adult populations of L. maculicollis from Connecticut to determined whether cytochrome P450 monooxgenases (P450s), glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), and/or carboxyl-esterases (COEs) mediated metabolic detoxification. Because a susceptible L. maculicollis laboratory strain does not exist, the most susceptible field-collected population (New Haven) provided a baseline against which all other populations were compared. In the population with the lowest resistance (Norwich), only detoxification by P450s was significant. Detoxification in the population with the second highest level of resistance (Stamford) involved both P450s and GSTs. Detoxification in the population with the highest level of resistance (Hartford) involved P450s, GSTs, and COEs. This study suggests that enzyme-mediated metabolic detoxification plays an important role in annual bluegrass weevil pyrethroid resistance.
PMID: 19610439