|
|
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result sql = TNFalpha inhibits apoptotic cell clearance in the lung, exacerbating acute inflammation.
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char = m;code = 109
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char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = l;code = 108
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
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char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
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char = p;code = 112
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result sql = Efficient removal of apoptotic cells is essential for resolution of inflammation. Failure to clear dying cells can exacerbate lung injury and lead to persistent inflammation and autoimmunity. Here we show that TNFalpha blocks apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages and leads to proinflammatory responses in the lung. Compared with mice treated with intratracheal TNFalpha or exogenous apoptotic cells, mice treated with the combination of TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells demonstrated reduced apoptotic cell clearance from the lungs and increased recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the air spaces. Treatment with intratracheal TNFalpha had no effect on the removal of exogenous apoptotic cells from the lungs of TNFalpha receptor-1 (p55) and -2 (p75) double mutant mice and no effect on leukocyte recruitment. Bronchoalveolar lavage from mice treated with TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells contained increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, KC, and MCP-1, but exhibited no change in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Administration of TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells during LPS-induced lung injury augmented neutrophil accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. These findings suggest that the presence of TNFalpha in the lung can alter the response of phagocytes to apoptotic cells leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and proinflammatory mediator production.
char = N;code = 78
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
result sql = TNFalpha inhibits apoptotic cell clearance in the lung, exacerbating acute inflammation.
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char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = k;code = 107
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = 5;code = 53
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = 7;code = 55
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = k;code = 107
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 6;code = 54
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = C;code = 67
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = C;code = 67
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = d;code = 100
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = N;code = 78
char = F;code = 70
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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result sql = Efficient removal of apoptotic cells is essential for resolution of inflammation. Failure to clear dying cells can exacerbate lung injury and lead to persistent inflammation and autoimmunity. Here we show that TNFalpha blocks apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages and leads to proinflammatory responses in the lung. Compared with mice treated with intratracheal TNFalpha or exogenous apoptotic cells, mice treated with the combination of TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells demonstrated reduced apoptotic cell clearance from the lungs and increased recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the air spaces. Treatment with intratracheal TNFalpha had no effect on the removal of exogenous apoptotic cells from the lungs of TNFalpha receptor-1 (p55) and -2 (p75) double mutant mice and no effect on leukocyte recruitment. Bronchoalveolar lavage from mice treated with TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells contained increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, KC, and MCP-1, but exhibited no change in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Administration of TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells during LPS-induced lung injury augmented neutrophil accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. These findings suggest that the presence of TNFalpha in the lung can alter the response of phagocytes to apoptotic cells leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and proinflammatory mediator production.
Publication: Am. J. Physiol. Lung Cell Mol. Physiol. 2009 Oct ;297(4)::L586-95. :doi: 10.1152/ajplung.90569.2008.
Publication Date: 2009 Oct
Study Author(s): Borges, Valeria M;Vandivier, R William;McPhillips, Kathleen A;Kench, Jennifer A;Morimoto, Konosuke;Groshong, Steve D;Richens, Tiffany R;Graham, Brian B;Muldrow, Alaina M;Van Heule, Lea;Henson, Peter M;Janssen, William J;
Institution: Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Oct
Study Author(s): Borges, Valeria M;Vandivier, R William;McPhillips, Kathleen A;Kench, Jennifer A;Morimoto, Konosuke;Groshong, Steve D;Richens, Tiffany R;Graham, Brian B;Muldrow, Alaina M;Van Heule, Lea;Henson, Peter M;Janssen, William J;
Institution: Program in Cell Biology, Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Efficient removal of apoptotic cells is essential for resolution of inflammation. Failure to clear dying cells can exacerbate lung injury and lead to persistent inflammation and autoimmunity. Here we show that TNFalpha blocks apoptotic cell clearance by alveolar macrophages and leads to proinflammatory responses in the lung. Compared with mice treated with intratracheal TNFalpha or exogenous apoptotic cells, mice treated with the combination of TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells demonstrated reduced apoptotic cell clearance from the lungs and increased recruitment of inflammatory leukocytes to the air spaces. Treatment with intratracheal TNFalpha had no effect on the removal of exogenous apoptotic cells from the lungs of TNFalpha receptor-1 (p55) and -2 (p75) double mutant mice and no effect on leukocyte recruitment. Bronchoalveolar lavage from mice treated with TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells contained increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6, KC, and MCP-1, but exhibited no change in levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta. Administration of TNFalpha plus apoptotic cells during LPS-induced lung injury augmented neutrophil accumulation and proinflammatory cytokine production. These findings suggest that the presence of TNFalpha in the lung can alter the response of phagocytes to apoptotic cells leading to inflammatory cell recruitment and proinflammatory mediator production.
PMID: 19648283
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