|
|
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Curcumin adds spice to the debate: lipid metabolism in liver disease.char = A;code = 65
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char = 1;code = 49
char = c;code = 99
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = S;code = 83
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
result sql = Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major source of the collagens involved in fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), undergo a profound loss of lipid and vitamin A storage capacity, as a consequence of a decline in expression of 'adipogenic' transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). By contrast, hepatocytes undergo a micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, reflecting the accumulation of triacylglycerol, and associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. THESE PARADOXICAL FINDINGS ARE EXTENDED IN THIS ISSUE: Kang and Chen demonstrate that while low-density lipoproteins (LDL) can activate HSCs, curcumin can inhibit this process by activation of PPARgamma, which not only represses gene expression of SREBP-2 and LDLR, but via induction of expression of SREBP-1c, restores the lipid storage capacity characteristic of quiescent HSCs, suggesting that curcumin may be of therapeutic usage in protecting against liver steatosis and fibrosis.
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Curcumin adds spice to the debate: lipid metabolism in liver disease.
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = S;code = 83
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = j;code = 106
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = ';code = 39
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = c;code = 99
char = ';code = 39
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = -;code = 45
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
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char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = m;code = 109
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
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char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = O;code = 79
char = X;code = 88
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
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char = T;code = 84
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char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = E;code = 69
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = K;code = 75
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = L;code = 76
char = R;code = 82
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
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char = P;code = 80
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char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
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char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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result sql = Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major source of the collagens involved in fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), undergo a profound loss of lipid and vitamin A storage capacity, as a consequence of a decline in expression of 'adipogenic' transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). By contrast, hepatocytes undergo a micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, reflecting the accumulation of triacylglycerol, and associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. THESE PARADOXICAL FINDINGS ARE EXTENDED IN THIS ISSUE: Kang and Chen demonstrate that while low-density lipoproteins (LDL) can activate HSCs, curcumin can inhibit this process by activation of PPARgamma, which not only represses gene expression of SREBP-2 and LDLR, but via induction of expression of SREBP-1c, restores the lipid storage capacity characteristic of quiescent HSCs, suggesting that curcumin may be of therapeutic usage in protecting against liver steatosis and fibrosis.
Publication: Br. J. Pharmacol. 2009 Aug ;157(8)::1352-3. :doi: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00335.x.
Publication Date: 2009 Aug
Study Author(s): Graham, Annette;
Institution: Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Aug
Study Author(s): Graham, Annette;
Institution: Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major source of the collagens involved in fibrosis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), undergo a profound loss of lipid and vitamin A storage capacity, as a consequence of a decline in expression of 'adipogenic' transcription factors such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). By contrast, hepatocytes undergo a micro- and macro-vesicular steatosis, reflecting the accumulation of triacylglycerol, and associated with chronic inflammation and fibrosis. THESE PARADOXICAL FINDINGS ARE EXTENDED IN THIS ISSUE: Kang and Chen demonstrate that while low-density lipoproteins (LDL) can activate HSCs, curcumin can inhibit this process by activation of PPARgamma, which not only represses gene expression of SREBP-2 and LDLR, but via induction of expression of SREBP-1c, restores the lipid storage capacity characteristic of quiescent HSCs, suggesting that curcumin may be of therapeutic usage in protecting against liver steatosis and fibrosis.
PMID: 19681867
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