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char = t;code = 116
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char = .;code = 46
result sql = Early postnatal enriched environment decreases retinal degeneration induced by monosodium glutamate treatment in rats.
Early postnatal enriched environment decreases retinal degeneration induced by monosodium glutamate treatment in rats.
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = S;code = 83
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = P;code = 80
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = Y;code = 89
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = N;code = 78
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = G;code = 71
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = -;code = 45
char = T;code = 84
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = M;code = 77
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = S;code = 83
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = E;code = 69
char = X;code = 88
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = G;code = 71
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = A;code = 65
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = G;code = 71
char = N;code = 78
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = F;code = 70
char = E;code = 69
char = C;code = 67
char = T;code = 84
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = B;code = 66
char = T;code = 84
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = R;code = 82
char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = -;code = 45
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
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char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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result sql = Environmental enrichment is known to influence the development of the nervous system and it provides beneficial effects in various kinds of brain lesions. Enriched housing conditions also influence the development and functioning of the visual system. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether retinal degeneration induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rats can be ameliorated by expanded cage size or enriched environment. Control rats were kept in a regular cage, another group of pups was kept in an expanded cage and a third group was kept under complex environmental enriched conditions from the first postnatal day. Half of the rats received MSG treatment on postnatal days 1, 5, and 9, while the other half of the groups received only saline treatment. Retinas were removed at 5 weeks of age and processed for histological analysis. MICROSCOPICAL ANALYSIS REVEALED A SUBSTANTIAL INNER RETINAL DEGENERATION IN MSG-TREATED ANIMALS: the retinal thickness was less than 25% of the normal retinas, and the inner layers were completely fused.

EXPANDED CAGE ENVIRONMENT HAD A SIGNIFICANT PROTECTIVE EFFECT: the layers of the retina were well visible, and the thickness of the entire retina had a nearly 50% amelioration.

BEST RESULTS WERE OBTAINED IN RETINAS FROM RATS LIVING IN ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT: the retina suffered only an approximately 25% reduction in thickness, and all layers were significantly thicker than in MSG-treated retinas. In summary, the present study showed that expanded field provided some degree of neuroprotection, while a complex environmental enrichment led to a manifest protection against retinal degeneration induced by neonatal MSG treatment in rats.

Publication: Brain Res. 2009 Mar 9 ;1259:107-12. :doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.01.004.
Publication Date: 2009 Mar 9
Study Author(s): Szabadfi, Krisztina;Atlasz, Tamás;Horváth, Gábor;Kiss, Péter;Hamza, Levente;Farkas, József;Tamás, Andrea;Lubics, Andrea;Gábriel, Róbert;Reglodi, Dóra;
Institution: Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, Pecs, Hungary.
Shortcut link to this study:
Environmental enrichment is known to influence the development of the nervous system and it provides beneficial effects in various kinds of brain lesions. Enriched housing conditions also influence the development and functioning of the visual system. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether retinal degeneration induced by neonatal monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rats can be ameliorated by expanded cage size or enriched environment. Control rats were kept in a regular cage, another group of pups was kept in an expanded cage and a third group was kept under complex environmental enriched conditions from the first postnatal day. Half of the rats received MSG treatment on postnatal days 1, 5, and 9, while the other half of the groups received only saline treatment. Retinas were removed at 5 weeks of age and processed for histological analysis. MICROSCOPICAL ANALYSIS REVEALED A SUBSTANTIAL INNER RETINAL DEGENERATION IN MSG-TREATED ANIMALS: the retinal thickness was less than 25% of the normal retinas, and the inner layers were completely fused.

EXPANDED CAGE ENVIRONMENT HAD A SIGNIFICANT PROTECTIVE EFFECT: the layers of the retina were well visible, and the thickness of the entire retina had a nearly 50% amelioration.

BEST RESULTS WERE OBTAINED IN RETINAS FROM RATS LIVING IN ENRICHED ENVIRONMENT: the retina suffered only an approximately 25% reduction in thickness, and all layers were significantly thicker than in MSG-treated retinas. In summary, the present study showed that expanded field provided some degree of neuroprotection, while a complex environmental enrichment led to a manifest protection against retinal degeneration induced by neonatal MSG treatment in rats.
PMID: 19171125

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