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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
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char = K;code = 75
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HT-29 colon cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/MAPK pathway.
Ursolic acid inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis of HT-29 colon cancer cells by inhibiting the EGFR/MAPK pathway.
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char = H;code = 72
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char = n;code = 110
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char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = I;code = 73
char = C;code = 67
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
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char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
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char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 3;code = 51
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
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char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
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char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = 4;code = 52
char = 9;code = 57
char = %;code = 37
char = ,;code = 44
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = U;code = 85
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char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = K;code = 75
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char = M;code = 77
char = A;code = 65
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char = K;code = 75
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char = a;code = 97
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char = J;code = 74
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char = K;code = 75
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char = w;code = 119
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = G;code = 71
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = H;code = 72
char = T;code = 84
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
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char = c;code = 99
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char = P;code = 80
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = .;code = 46
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char = C;code = 67
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char = U;code = 85
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = P;code = 80
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
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char = O;code = 79
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char = <;code = 60
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char = b;code = 98
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char = U;code = 85
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result sql = OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of ursolic acid on the proliferation and apoptosis of human HT-29 colon cancer cells.

METHODS : 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the effects of ursolic acid on the growth and apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Western blot analysis was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the activity of B cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), B cell leukemia-xL (Bcl-xL), caspase-3, and caspase-9.

RESULTS : Ursolic acid inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) values for 24, 48, and 72 h treatment were 26, 20, and 18 micromol/L, respectively. The apoptotic rates of 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L ursolic acid treatments for 24 h were 5.74%, 14.49%, and 33.05%, and for 48 h were 9%, 21.39%, and 40.49%, respectively. Ursolic acid suppressed the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK, which is well correlated with its growth inhibitory effect. 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L ursolic acid significantly inhibited the proliferation of EGF-stimulated HT-29 cells (P<0.05). Cell proliferation was most significantly inhibited when treated with 10 and 20 micromol/L ursolic acid combined with 200 nmol/L AG 1478 or 10 micromol/L U0126 (P<0.01). Besides, it also down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and activated caspase-3 and caspase-9.

CONCLUSION : Ursolic acid induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells by suppressing the EGFR/MAPK pathway, suggesting that it may be a potent agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer.

Publication: J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2009 Sep ;10(9)::668-74. :doi: 10.1631/jzus.B0920149.
Publication Date: 2009 Sep
Study Author(s): Shan, Jian-zhen;Xuan, Yan-yan;Zheng, Shu;Dong, Qi;Zhang, Su-zhan;
Institution: Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVE : To investigate the effects of ursolic acid on the proliferation and apoptosis of human HT-29 colon cancer cells.

METHODS : 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and flow cytometry assays were performed to evaluate the effects of ursolic acid on the growth and apoptosis of HT-29 cells. Western blot analysis was applied to investigate the inhibitory effects of ursolic acid on the phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), and the activity of B cell leukemia-2 (Bcl-2), B cell leukemia-xL (Bcl-xL), caspase-3, and caspase-9.

RESULTS : Ursolic acid inhibited the growth of HT-29 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) values for 24, 48, and 72 h treatment were 26, 20, and 18 micromol/L, respectively. The apoptotic rates of 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L ursolic acid treatments for 24 h were 5.74%, 14.49%, and 33.05%, and for 48 h were 9%, 21.39%, and 40.49%, respectively. Ursolic acid suppressed the phosphorylation of EGFR, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK, and JNK, which is well correlated with its growth inhibitory effect. 10, 20, and 40 micromol/L ursolic acid significantly inhibited the proliferation of EGF-stimulated HT-29 cells (P<0.05). Cell proliferation was most significantly inhibited when treated with 10 and 20 micromol/L ursolic acid combined with 200 nmol/L AG 1478 or 10 micromol/L U0126 (P<0.01). Besides, it also down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL and activated caspase-3 and caspase-9.

CONCLUSION : Ursolic acid induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells by suppressing the EGFR/MAPK pathway, suggesting that it may be a potent agent for the treatment of colorectal cancer.
PMID: 19735099

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