|
|
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Mercury bioaccumulation in a stream network.
Mercury bioaccumulation in a stream network.char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = m;code = 109
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
char = -;code = 45
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
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result sql = Mercury (Hg) contamination is common in stream and river ecosystems, but factors mediating Hg cycling in the flowing waters are much less understood than inthe lakes and wetlands. In this study, we examined the spatial patterns of methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in the dominant groups of aquatic insect larvae across a network of streams (drainage area ranging from 0.5 to 150 km2) in northern California during summer baseflow conditions. We found that, with the exception of water striders, all invertebrate groups showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in MeHg concentrations with drainage area. The largest stream in our study watershed, the South Fork Eel River, had the highest aqueous MeHg concentration (unfiltered: 0.13-0.17 ng L(-1)) while most of the upstream tributaries had aqueous MeHg concentrations close to or below the established detection limits (0.02 ng L(-1)). A filamentous alga abundant in South Fork Eel River (Cladophora glomerata) had an exceptionally high fraction of total-Hg as MeHg (i.e., %MeHg from 50-100%). Since other potential hotspots of in-stream Hg methylation (e.g., surface sediment and deep pools) had %MeHg lower than or similar to surface water (approximately 14%), we hypothesize that Cladophora and possibly other autotrophs may serve as hotspots of in-stream MeHg production in this bedrock-dominated stream. Recent studies in other regions concluded that wetland abundance in the watershed is the predominant factor in governing Hg concentrations of stream biota. However, our results show that in the absence of wetlands, substantial spatial variation of Hg bioaccumulation can arise in stream networks due to the influence of in-stream processes.
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result sql = Mercury bioaccumulation in a stream network.
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char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = m;code = 109
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
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char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = b;code = 98
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = W;code = 87
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
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char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
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char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
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char = e;code = 101
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char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
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char = E;code = 69
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = L;code = 76
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char = );code = 41
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = M;code = 77
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char = H;code = 72
char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = (;code = 40
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = S;code = 83
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = e;code = 101
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result sql = Mercury (Hg) contamination is common in stream and river ecosystems, but factors mediating Hg cycling in the flowing waters are much less understood than inthe lakes and wetlands. In this study, we examined the spatial patterns of methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in the dominant groups of aquatic insect larvae across a network of streams (drainage area ranging from 0.5 to 150 km2) in northern California during summer baseflow conditions. We found that, with the exception of water striders, all invertebrate groups showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in MeHg concentrations with drainage area. The largest stream in our study watershed, the South Fork Eel River, had the highest aqueous MeHg concentration (unfiltered: 0.13-0.17 ng L(-1)) while most of the upstream tributaries had aqueous MeHg concentrations close to or below the established detection limits (0.02 ng L(-1)). A filamentous alga abundant in South Fork Eel River (Cladophora glomerata) had an exceptionally high fraction of total-Hg as MeHg (i.e., %MeHg from 50-100%). Since other potential hotspots of in-stream Hg methylation (e.g., surface sediment and deep pools) had %MeHg lower than or similar to surface water (approximately 14%), we hypothesize that Cladophora and possibly other autotrophs may serve as hotspots of in-stream MeHg production in this bedrock-dominated stream. Recent studies in other regions concluded that wetland abundance in the watershed is the predominant factor in governing Hg concentrations of stream biota. However, our results show that in the absence of wetlands, substantial spatial variation of Hg bioaccumulation can arise in stream networks due to the influence of in-stream processes.
Publication: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009 Sep 15 ;43(18)::7016-22.
Publication Date: 2009 Sep 15
Study Author(s): Tsui, Martin Tsz Ki;Finlay, Jacques C;Nater, Edward A;
Institution: Graduate Program in Water Resources Science, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Sep 15
Study Author(s): Tsui, Martin Tsz Ki;Finlay, Jacques C;Nater, Edward A;
Institution: Graduate Program in Water Resources Science, Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Mercury (Hg) contamination is common in stream and river ecosystems, but factors mediating Hg cycling in the flowing waters are much less understood than inthe lakes and wetlands. In this study, we examined the spatial patterns of methylmercury (MeHg) concentrations in the dominant groups of aquatic insect larvae across a network of streams (drainage area ranging from 0.5 to 150 km2) in northern California during summer baseflow conditions. We found that, with the exception of water striders, all invertebrate groups showed significant (p < 0.05) increases in MeHg concentrations with drainage area. The largest stream in our study watershed, the South Fork Eel River, had the highest aqueous MeHg concentration (unfiltered: 0.13-0.17 ng L(-1)) while most of the upstream tributaries had aqueous MeHg concentrations close to or below the established detection limits (0.02 ng L(-1)). A filamentous alga abundant in South Fork Eel River (Cladophora glomerata) had an exceptionally high fraction of total-Hg as MeHg (i.e., %MeHg from 50-100%). Since other potential hotspots of in-stream Hg methylation (e.g., surface sediment and deep pools) had %MeHg lower than or similar to surface water (approximately 14%), we hypothesize that Cladophora and possibly other autotrophs may serve as hotspots of in-stream MeHg production in this bedrock-dominated stream. Recent studies in other regions concluded that wetland abundance in the watershed is the predominant factor in governing Hg concentrations of stream biota. However, our results show that in the absence of wetlands, substantial spatial variation of Hg bioaccumulation can arise in stream networks due to the influence of in-stream processes.
PMID: 19806736
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