|
|
char = C;code = 67
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Citrate supplementation of PD fluid: effects on net ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes in single dwells.
Citrate supplementation of PD fluid: effects on net ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes in single dwells.char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = U;code = 85
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = F;code = 70
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 8;code = 56
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = F;code = 70
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = F;code = 70
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 5;code = 53
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char = m;code = 109
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char = L;code = 76
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char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
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char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = P;code = 80
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
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char = .;code = 46
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char = N;code = 78
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char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
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char = <;code = 60
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
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char = d;code = 100
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Inflammatory reactions affect the general performance as well as the technique survival of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Anti-inflammatory additives like heparin and sodium citrate have shown favourable results in these respects. The present study is the first to evaluate citrate-supplemented PD fluids (PDFs) in humans.
METHODS : Crossover design was used to evaluate sodium citrate and heparin-supplemented Gambrosol Trio (2.5% glucose) in 28 stable outpatients from the PD unit. Comparisons were made between single dwells of each fluid. Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L was compared with standard PDF, and citrate supplementation at 10 mM/L was compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (4500 units of tinzaparin) supplementation and standard PDF. The initial osmolarity of the fluids was equalized by adding sodium chloride.
RESULTS : Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L significantly increased net ultrafiltration, measured as drained volume gain, by 126 mL. Creatinine and phosphate clearance, but not glucose clearance, was significantly improved by supplementation with citrate or heparin. Heparin supplementation created an insignificant trend towards an increased ultrafiltration (P = 0.08). No negative side effects were reported for any of the treatments; however, citrate supplementation led to a small calcium loss by the drained PD fluid (0.4 mmol) and a transient fall in the plasma concentration (0.04 mM/L) of free calcium ions at 5 mM/L citrate. Effects on plasma bicarbonate concentration were insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS : Citrate supplementation of PD fluid improved ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes with only minor effects on calcium turnover. The mechanism is unknown and, according to the results, not related to complement inhibition.
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char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Citrate supplementation of PD fluid: effects on net ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes in single dwells.
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 4;code = 52
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = F;code = 70
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = L;code = 76
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = M;code = 77
char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Inflammatory reactions affect the general performance as well as the technique survival of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Anti-inflammatory additives like heparin and sodium citrate have shown favourable results in these respects. The present study is the first to evaluate citrate-supplemented PD fluids (PDFs) in humans.
METHODS : Crossover design was used to evaluate sodium citrate and heparin-supplemented Gambrosol Trio (2.5% glucose) in 28 stable outpatients from the PD unit. Comparisons were made between single dwells of each fluid. Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L was compared with standard PDF, and citrate supplementation at 10 mM/L was compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (4500 units of tinzaparin) supplementation and standard PDF. The initial osmolarity of the fluids was equalized by adding sodium chloride.
RESULTS : Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L significantly increased net ultrafiltration, measured as drained volume gain, by 126 mL. Creatinine and phosphate clearance, but not glucose clearance, was significantly improved by supplementation with citrate or heparin. Heparin supplementation created an insignificant trend towards an increased ultrafiltration (P = 0.08). No negative side effects were reported for any of the treatments; however, citrate supplementation led to a small calcium loss by the drained PD fluid (0.4 mmol) and a transient fall in the plasma concentration (0.04 mM/L) of free calcium ions at 5 mM/L citrate. Effects on plasma bicarbonate concentration were insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS : Citrate supplementation of PD fluid improved ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes with only minor effects on calcium turnover. The mechanism is unknown and, according to the results, not related to complement inhibition.
Publication: Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. 2009 Jan ;24(1)::286-92. :doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfn452.
Publication Date: 2009 Jan
Study Author(s): Braide, Magnus;Haraldsson, Börje;Persson, Ulf;
Institution: Department of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Jan
Study Author(s): Braide, Magnus;Haraldsson, Börje;Persson, Ulf;
Institution: Department of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Inflammatory reactions affect the general performance as well as the technique survival of peritoneal dialysis (PD). Anti-inflammatory additives like heparin and sodium citrate have shown favourable results in these respects. The present study is the first to evaluate citrate-supplemented PD fluids (PDFs) in humans.
METHODS : Crossover design was used to evaluate sodium citrate and heparin-supplemented Gambrosol Trio (2.5% glucose) in 28 stable outpatients from the PD unit. Comparisons were made between single dwells of each fluid. Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L was compared with standard PDF, and citrate supplementation at 10 mM/L was compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (4500 units of tinzaparin) supplementation and standard PDF. The initial osmolarity of the fluids was equalized by adding sodium chloride.
RESULTS : Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L significantly increased net ultrafiltration, measured as drained volume gain, by 126 mL. Creatinine and phosphate clearance, but not glucose clearance, was significantly improved by supplementation with citrate or heparin. Heparin supplementation created an insignificant trend towards an increased ultrafiltration (P = 0.08). No negative side effects were reported for any of the treatments; however, citrate supplementation led to a small calcium loss by the drained PD fluid (0.4 mmol) and a transient fall in the plasma concentration (0.04 mM/L) of free calcium ions at 5 mM/L citrate. Effects on plasma bicarbonate concentration were insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS : Citrate supplementation of PD fluid improved ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes with only minor effects on calcium turnover. The mechanism is unknown and, according to the results, not related to complement inhibition.
METHODS : Crossover design was used to evaluate sodium citrate and heparin-supplemented Gambrosol Trio (2.5% glucose) in 28 stable outpatients from the PD unit. Comparisons were made between single dwells of each fluid. Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L was compared with standard PDF, and citrate supplementation at 10 mM/L was compared with low-molecular-weight heparin (4500 units of tinzaparin) supplementation and standard PDF. The initial osmolarity of the fluids was equalized by adding sodium chloride.
RESULTS : Citrate supplementation at 5 mM/L significantly increased net ultrafiltration, measured as drained volume gain, by 126 mL. Creatinine and phosphate clearance, but not glucose clearance, was significantly improved by supplementation with citrate or heparin. Heparin supplementation created an insignificant trend towards an increased ultrafiltration (P = 0.08). No negative side effects were reported for any of the treatments; however, citrate supplementation led to a small calcium loss by the drained PD fluid (0.4 mmol) and a transient fall in the plasma concentration (0.04 mM/L) of free calcium ions at 5 mM/L citrate. Effects on plasma bicarbonate concentration were insignificant.
CONCLUSIONS : Citrate supplementation of PD fluid improved ultrafiltration and clearance of small solutes with only minor effects on calcium turnover. The mechanism is unknown and, according to the results, not related to complement inhibition.
PMID: 18796439
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