char = G;code = 71 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Groups without cultured representatives dominate eukaryotic picophytoplankton in the oligotrophic South East Pacific Ocean.
Groups without cultured representatives dominate eukaryotic picophytoplankton in the oligotrophic South East Pacific Ocean.char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = B;code = 66 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = K;code = 75 char = G;code = 71 char = R;code = 82 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = P;code = 80 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = E;code = 69 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 8;code = 56 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = R;code = 82 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = z;code = 122 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = O;code = 79 char = L;code = 76 char = O;code = 79 char = G;code = 71 char = Y;code = 89 char = /;code = 47 char = P;code = 80 char = R;code = 82 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = I;code = 73 char = P;code = 80 char = A;code = 65 char = L;code = 76 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = I;code = 73 char = N;code = 78 char = G;code = 71 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 8;code = 56 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = R;code = 82 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = P;code = 80 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = E;code = 69 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = I;code = 73 char = X;code = 88 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = y;code = 121 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = V;code = 86 char = I;code = 73 char = I;code = 73 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = S;code = 83 char = /;code = 47 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = G;code = 71 char = N;code = 78 char = I;code = 73 char = F;code = 70 char = I;code = 73 char = C;code = 67 char = A;code = 65 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = E;code = 69 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = O;code = 79 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = k;code = 107 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = BACKGROUND : Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE) with a cell size less than 3 microm play a critical role in oceanic primary production. In recent years, the composition of marine picoeukaryote communities has been intensively investigated by molecular approaches, but their photosynthetic fraction remains poorly characterized. This is largely because the classical approach that relies on constructing 18S rRNA gene clone libraries from filtered seawater samples using universal eukaryotic primers is heavily biased toward heterotrophs, especially alveolates and stramenopiles, despite the fact that autotrophic cells in general outnumber heterotrophic ones in the euphotic zone.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS : In order to better assess the composition of the eukaryotic picophytoplankton in the South East Pacific Ocean, encompassing the most oligotrophic oceanic regions on earth, we used a novel approach based on flow cytometry sorting followed by construction of 18S rRNA gene clone libraries. This strategy dramatically increased the recovery of sequences from putative autotrophic groups. The composition of the PPE community appeared highly variable both vertically down the water column and horizontally across the South East Pacific Ocean. In the central gyre, uncultivated lineages dominated: a recently discovered clade of Prasinophyceae (IX), clades of marine Chrysophyceae and Haptophyta, the latter division containing a potentially new class besides Prymnesiophyceae and Pavlophyceae. In contrast, on the edge of the gyre and in the coastal Chilean upwelling, groups with cultivated representatives (Prasinophyceae clade VII and Mamiellales) dominated.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE : Our data demonstrate that a very large fraction of the eukaryotic picophytoplankton still escapes cultivation. The use of flow cytometry sorting should prove very useful to better characterize specific plankton populations by molecular approaches such as gene cloning or metagenomics, and also to obtain into culture strains representative of these novel groups.
Publication: PLoS ONE 2009 ;4(10)::e7657.
Publication Date: 2009
Study Author(s): Shi, Xiao Li;Marie, Dominique;Jardillier, Ludwig;Scanlan, David J;Vaulot, Daniel;
Institution: UPMC (Paris-06) and CNRS, UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Roscoff, France.
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Photosynthetic picoeukaryotes (PPE) with a cell size less than 3 microm play a critical role in oceanic primary production. In recent years, the composition of marine picoeukaryote communities has been intensively investigated by molecular approaches, but their photosynthetic fraction remains poorly characterized. This is largely because the classical approach that relies on constructing 18S rRNA gene clone libraries from filtered seawater samples using universal eukaryotic primers is heavily biased toward heterotrophs, especially alveolates and stramenopiles, despite the fact that autotrophic cells in general outnumber heterotrophic ones in the euphotic zone.METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS : In order to better assess the composition of the eukaryotic picophytoplankton in the South East Pacific Ocean, encompassing the most oligotrophic oceanic regions on earth, we used a novel approach based on flow cytometry sorting followed by construction of 18S rRNA gene clone libraries. This strategy dramatically increased the recovery of sequences from putative autotrophic groups. The composition of the PPE community appeared highly variable both vertically down the water column and horizontally across the South East Pacific Ocean. In the central gyre, uncultivated lineages dominated: a recently discovered clade of Prasinophyceae (IX), clades of marine Chrysophyceae and Haptophyta, the latter division containing a potentially new class besides Prymnesiophyceae and Pavlophyceae. In contrast, on the edge of the gyre and in the coastal Chilean upwelling, groups with cultivated representatives (Prasinophyceae clade VII and Mamiellales) dominated.CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE : Our data demonstrate that a very large fraction of the eukaryotic picophytoplankton still escapes cultivation. The use of flow cytometry sorting should prove very useful to better characterize specific plankton populations by molecular approaches such as gene cloning or metagenomics, and also to obtain into culture strains representative of these novel groups.
PMID: 19893617