|
|
char = A;code = 65
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Apoptotic dendritic cells induce tolerance in mice through suppression of dendritic cell maturation and induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells.
Apoptotic dendritic cells induce tolerance in mice through suppression of dendritic cell maturation and induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells.char = D;code = 68
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char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
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char = h;code = 104
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char = D;code = 68
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char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
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result sql = Dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis has been shown to play a role in maintaining a balance between tolerance and immunity. However, the mechanisms of how DC apoptosis affects the immune response are unclear. We have shown that in vitro culture of apoptotic DCs with immature DCs, results in their uptake by immature DCs, which subsequently turn into tolerogenic DCs, which then secrete TGF-beta1 and induce Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)). In this study we looked at the effects of apoptotic DCs in vivo. Here we show that apoptotic DCs are taken up by viable DCs in vivo, which suppresses the ability of viable DCs to undergo maturation and subsequent migration to the lymph nodes in response to LPS. Additionally, delivery of apoptotic DCs to LPS inflamed lungs results in resolution of inflammation, which is mediated by the ability of apoptotic DCs to suppress response of viable DCs to LPS. Additionally, apoptotic DCs also induce TGF-beta1 secretion in the mediastinal lymph nodes, which results in expansion of Foxp3(+) T(regs). Most importantly, we show that delivery of apoptotic DCs followed by OVA in CFA to mice suppresses T cell response to OVA and instead induces de novo generation of OVA-specific T(regs). Furthermore, delivery of apoptotic DCs followed by OVA in CFA results in expansion of T(regs) in TCR transgenic (OT-II) mice. These findings demonstrate that apoptotic DCs are taken up by viable DCs in vivo, which promotes tolerance through suppression of DC maturation and induction of T(regs).
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char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Apoptotic dendritic cells induce tolerance in mice through suppression of dendritic cell maturation and induction of antigen-specific regulatory T cells.
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = G;code = 71
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = 3;code = 51
char = (;code = 40
char = +;code = 43
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = (;code = 40
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = s;code = 115
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = u;code = 117
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = d;code = 100
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char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = .;code = 46
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char = A;code = 65
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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result sql = Dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis has been shown to play a role in maintaining a balance between tolerance and immunity. However, the mechanisms of how DC apoptosis affects the immune response are unclear. We have shown that in vitro culture of apoptotic DCs with immature DCs, results in their uptake by immature DCs, which subsequently turn into tolerogenic DCs, which then secrete TGF-beta1 and induce Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)). In this study we looked at the effects of apoptotic DCs in vivo. Here we show that apoptotic DCs are taken up by viable DCs in vivo, which suppresses the ability of viable DCs to undergo maturation and subsequent migration to the lymph nodes in response to LPS. Additionally, delivery of apoptotic DCs to LPS inflamed lungs results in resolution of inflammation, which is mediated by the ability of apoptotic DCs to suppress response of viable DCs to LPS. Additionally, apoptotic DCs also induce TGF-beta1 secretion in the mediastinal lymph nodes, which results in expansion of Foxp3(+) T(regs). Most importantly, we show that delivery of apoptotic DCs followed by OVA in CFA to mice suppresses T cell response to OVA and instead induces de novo generation of OVA-specific T(regs). Furthermore, delivery of apoptotic DCs followed by OVA in CFA results in expansion of T(regs) in TCR transgenic (OT-II) mice. These findings demonstrate that apoptotic DCs are taken up by viable DCs in vivo, which promotes tolerance through suppression of DC maturation and induction of T(regs).
Publication: J. Immunol. 2009 Dec 1 ;183(11)::7104-18. :doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900824.
Publication Date: 2009 Dec 1
Study Author(s): Kushwah, Rahul;Oliver, Jordan R;Zhang, Jinyi;Siminovitch, Katherine A;Hu, Jim;
Institution: Physiology and Experimental Medicine Research Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Dec 1
Study Author(s): Kushwah, Rahul;Oliver, Jordan R;Zhang, Jinyi;Siminovitch, Katherine A;Hu, Jim;
Institution: Physiology and Experimental Medicine Research Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada.
Shortcut link to this study:
Dendritic cell (DC) apoptosis has been shown to play a role in maintaining a balance between tolerance and immunity. However, the mechanisms of how DC apoptosis affects the immune response are unclear. We have shown that in vitro culture of apoptotic DCs with immature DCs, results in their uptake by immature DCs, which subsequently turn into tolerogenic DCs, which then secrete TGF-beta1 and induce Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)). In this study we looked at the effects of apoptotic DCs in vivo. Here we show that apoptotic DCs are taken up by viable DCs in vivo, which suppresses the ability of viable DCs to undergo maturation and subsequent migration to the lymph nodes in response to LPS. Additionally, delivery of apoptotic DCs to LPS inflamed lungs results in resolution of inflammation, which is mediated by the ability of apoptotic DCs to suppress response of viable DCs to LPS. Additionally, apoptotic DCs also induce TGF-beta1 secretion in the mediastinal lymph nodes, which results in expansion of Foxp3(+) T(regs). Most importantly, we show that delivery of apoptotic DCs followed by OVA in CFA to mice suppresses T cell response to OVA and instead induces de novo generation of OVA-specific T(regs). Furthermore, delivery of apoptotic DCs followed by OVA in CFA results in expansion of T(regs) in TCR transgenic (OT-II) mice. These findings demonstrate that apoptotic DCs are taken up by viable DCs in vivo, which promotes tolerance through suppression of DC maturation and induction of T(regs).
PMID: 19917707
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