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result sql = Galectin-3 mediates nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and Wnt signaling in human colon cancer cells by regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity.

Galectin-3 mediates nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and Wnt signaling in human colon cancer cells by regulation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta activity.

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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = T;code = 84
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = 4;code = 52
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = A;code = 65
char = K;code = 75
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
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char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = (;code = 40
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = K;code = 75
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char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = K;code = 75
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
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char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = L;code = 76
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = A;code = 65
char = K;code = 75
char = T;code = 84
char = ,;code = 44
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = T;code = 84
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = 4;code = 52
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = L;code = 76
char = i;code = 105
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = K;code = 75
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = b;code = 98
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = T;code = 84
char = C;code = 67
char = F;code = 70
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = m;code = 109
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
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char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
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char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = S;code = 83
char = K;code = 75
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = v;code = 118
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
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char = e;code = 101
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char = K;code = 75
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = w;code = 119
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = <;code = 60
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result sql = Wnt/beta-catenin signaling plays an essential role in colon carcinogenesis. Galectin-3, a beta-galactoside-binding protein, has been implicated in Wnt signaling, but the precise mechanisms by which galectin-3 modulates the Wnt pathway are unknown. In the present study, we determined the effects of galectin-3 on the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway in colon cancer cells, as well as the mechanisms involved. Galectin-3 levels were manipulated in human colon cancer cells by stable transfection of galectin-3 antisense, short hairpin RNA, or full-length galectin-3 cDNA, and effects on beta-catenin levels, subcellular distribution, and Wnt signaling were determined. Galectin-3 levels correlated with beta-catenin levels in a variety of colon cancer cell lines. Down-regulation of galectin-3 resulted in decreased beta-catenin protein levels but no change in beta-catenin mRNA levels, suggesting that galectin-3 modulates beta-catenin by another mechanism. Reduction of galectin-3 led to reduced nuclear beta-catenin with a concomitant decrease in TCF4 transcriptional activity and expression of its target genes. Conversely, transfection of galectin-3 cDNA into colon cancer cells increased beta-catenin expression and TCF4 transcriptional activity. Down-regulation of galectin-3 resulted in AKT and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) dephosphorylation and increased GSK activity, increasing beta-catenin phosphorylation and degradation. Ly294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, and dominant-negative AKT, suppressed TCF4 transcriptional activity induced by galectin-3 whereas LiCl, a GSK-3beta inhibitor, increased TCF4 activity, mimicking the effects of galectin-3. These results suggest that galectin-3 mediates Wnt signaling, at least in part, by regulating GSK-3beta phosphorylation and activity via the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT pathway, and, thus, the degradation of beta-catenin in colon cancer cells.

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