char = F;code = 70 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Feather growth influences blood mercury level of young songbirds.
Feather growth influences blood mercury level of young songbirds.char = D;code = 68 char = y;code = 121 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = S;code = 83 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = V;code = 86 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = A;code = 65 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 9;code = 57 char = ;code = 32 char = +;code = 43 char = /;code = 47 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = k;code = 107 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = [;code = 91 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = +;code = 43 char = /;code = 47 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ];code = 93 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 5;code = 53 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = +;code = 43 char = /;code = 47 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = k;code = 107 char = g;code = 103 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 8;code = 56 char = 6;code = 54 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = +;code = 43 char = /;code = 47 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = k;code = 107 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 4;code = 52 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = +;code = 43 char = /;code = 47 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 9;code = 57 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = g;code = 103 char = /;code = 47 char = k;code = 107 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = j;code = 106 char = u;code = 117 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = x;code = 120 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Dynamics of mercury in feathers and blood of free-living songbirds is poorly understood. Nestling eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) living along the mercury-contaminated South River (Virginia, USA) had blood mercury levels an order of magnitude lower than their parents (nestling: 0.09 +/- 0.06 mg/kg [mean +/- standard deviation], n = 156; adult: 1.21 +/- 0.57 mg/kg, n = 86). To test whether this low blood mercury was the result of mercury sequestration in rapidly growing feathers, we repeatedly sampled free-living juveniles throughout the period of feather growth and molt. Mean blood mercury concentrations increased to 0.52 +/- 0.36 mg/kg (n = 44) after the completion of feather growth. Some individuals had reached adult blood mercury levels within three months of leaving the nest, but levels dropped to 0.20 +/- 0.09 mg/kg (n = 11) once the autumn molt had begun. Most studies of mercury contamination in juvenile birds have focused on recently hatched young with thousands of rapidly growing feathers. However, the highest risk period for mercury intoxication in young birds may be during the vulnerable period after fledging, when feathers no longer serve as a buffer against dietary mercury. We found that nestling blood mercury levels were not indicative of the extent of contamination because a large portion of the ingested mercury ended up in feathers. The present study demonstrates unequivocally that in songbirds blood mercury level is influenced strongly by the growth and molt of feathers.
Publication: Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2009 Feb ;28(2)::395-401. :doi: 10.1897/08-094.1.
Publication Date: 2009 Feb
Study Author(s): Condon, Anne M;Cristol, Daniel A;
Institution: Institute for Integrative Bird Behavior Studies, Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Dynamics of mercury in feathers and blood of free-living songbirds is poorly understood. Nestling eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis) living along the mercury-contaminated South River (Virginia, USA) had blood mercury levels an order of magnitude lower than their parents (nestling: 0.09 +/- 0.06 mg/kg [mean +/- standard deviation], n = 156; adult: 1.21 +/- 0.57 mg/kg, n = 86). To test whether this low blood mercury was the result of mercury sequestration in rapidly growing feathers, we repeatedly sampled free-living juveniles throughout the period of feather growth and molt. Mean blood mercury concentrations increased to 0.52 +/- 0.36 mg/kg (n = 44) after the completion of feather growth. Some individuals had reached adult blood mercury levels within three months of leaving the nest, but levels dropped to 0.20 +/- 0.09 mg/kg (n = 11) once the autumn molt had begun. Most studies of mercury contamination in juvenile birds have focused on recently hatched young with thousands of rapidly growing feathers. However, the highest risk period for mercury intoxication in young birds may be during the vulnerable period after fledging, when feathers no longer serve as a buffer against dietary mercury. We found that nestling blood mercury levels were not indicative of the extent of contamination because a large portion of the ingested mercury ended up in feathers. The present study demonstrates unequivocally that in songbirds blood mercury level is influenced strongly by the growth and molt of feathers.
PMID: 18937528