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result sql = Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa.
Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa.char = <;code = 60
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = A;code = 65
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = S;code = 83
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = G;code = 71
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = T;code = 84
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = T;code = 84
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = k;code = 107
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = A;code = 65
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result sql = BACKGROUND : African American men have the highest prostate cancer morbidity and mortality rates than any other racial or ethnic group in the US. Although the overall incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer has been declining in White men since 1991, the decline in African American men lags behind White men. Of particular concern is the growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry in the Caribbean Islands, United Kingdom and West Africa. This higher incidence of prostate cancer observed in populations of African descent may be attributed to the fact that these populations share ancestral genetic factors. To better understand the burden of prostate cancer among men of West African Ancestry, we conducted a review of the literature on prostate cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the countries connected by the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
RESULTS : Several published studies indicate high prostate cancer burden in Nigeria and Ghana. There was no published literature for the countries Benin, Gambia and Senegal that met our review criteria. Prostate cancer morbidity and/or mortality data from the Caribbean Islands and the United Kingdom also provided comparable or worse prostate cancer burden to that of US Blacks.
CONCLUSION : The growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry follows the path of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. To better understand and address the global prostate cancer disparities seen in Black men of West African ancestry, future studies should explore the genetic and environmental risk factors for prostate cancer among this group.
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result sql = Prostate cancer disparities in Black men of African descent: a comparative literature review of prostate cancer burden among Black men in the United States, Caribbean, United Kingdom, and West Africa.
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char = ;code = 32
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = I;code = 73
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = U;code = 85
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char = K;code = 75
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char = v;code = 118
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
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char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = B;code = 66
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
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result sql = BACKGROUND : African American men have the highest prostate cancer morbidity and mortality rates than any other racial or ethnic group in the US. Although the overall incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer has been declining in White men since 1991, the decline in African American men lags behind White men. Of particular concern is the growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry in the Caribbean Islands, United Kingdom and West Africa. This higher incidence of prostate cancer observed in populations of African descent may be attributed to the fact that these populations share ancestral genetic factors. To better understand the burden of prostate cancer among men of West African Ancestry, we conducted a review of the literature on prostate cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the countries connected by the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
RESULTS : Several published studies indicate high prostate cancer burden in Nigeria and Ghana. There was no published literature for the countries Benin, Gambia and Senegal that met our review criteria. Prostate cancer morbidity and/or mortality data from the Caribbean Islands and the United Kingdom also provided comparable or worse prostate cancer burden to that of US Blacks.
CONCLUSION : The growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry follows the path of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. To better understand and address the global prostate cancer disparities seen in Black men of West African ancestry, future studies should explore the genetic and environmental risk factors for prostate cancer among this group.
Publication: Infect. Agents Cancer 2009 ;4 Suppl 1:S2. :doi: 10.1186/1750-9378-4-S1-S2.
Publication Date: 2009
Study Author(s): Odedina, Folakemi T;Akinremi, Titilola O;Chinegwundoh, Frank;Roberts, Robin;Yu, Daohai;Reams, R Renee;Freedman, Matthew L;Rivers, Brian;Green, B Lee;Kumar, Nagi;
Institution: H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009
Study Author(s): Odedina, Folakemi T;Akinremi, Titilola O;Chinegwundoh, Frank;Roberts, Robin;Yu, Daohai;Reams, R Renee;Freedman, Matthew L;Rivers, Brian;Green, B Lee;Kumar, Nagi;
Institution: H, Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : African American men have the highest prostate cancer morbidity and mortality rates than any other racial or ethnic group in the US. Although the overall incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer has been declining in White men since 1991, the decline in African American men lags behind White men. Of particular concern is the growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry in the Caribbean Islands, United Kingdom and West Africa. This higher incidence of prostate cancer observed in populations of African descent may be attributed to the fact that these populations share ancestral genetic factors. To better understand the burden of prostate cancer among men of West African Ancestry, we conducted a review of the literature on prostate cancer incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the countries connected by the Transatlantic Slave Trade.
RESULTS : Several published studies indicate high prostate cancer burden in Nigeria and Ghana. There was no published literature for the countries Benin, Gambia and Senegal that met our review criteria. Prostate cancer morbidity and/or mortality data from the Caribbean Islands and the United Kingdom also provided comparable or worse prostate cancer burden to that of US Blacks.
CONCLUSION : The growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry follows the path of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. To better understand and address the global prostate cancer disparities seen in Black men of West African ancestry, future studies should explore the genetic and environmental risk factors for prostate cancer among this group.
RESULTS : Several published studies indicate high prostate cancer burden in Nigeria and Ghana. There was no published literature for the countries Benin, Gambia and Senegal that met our review criteria. Prostate cancer morbidity and/or mortality data from the Caribbean Islands and the United Kingdom also provided comparable or worse prostate cancer burden to that of US Blacks.
CONCLUSION : The growing literature on the disproportionate burden of prostate cancer among other Black men of West African ancestry follows the path of the Transatlantic Slave Trade. To better understand and address the global prostate cancer disparities seen in Black men of West African ancestry, future studies should explore the genetic and environmental risk factors for prostate cancer among this group.
PMID: 19208207
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