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result sql = Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein levels relate to inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Adipocyte fatty acid binding protein levels relate to inflammation and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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char = o;code = 111
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char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
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char = 3;code = 51
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
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char = v;code = 118
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char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
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char = +;code = 43
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char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = m;code = 109
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
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char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = +;code = 43
char = /;code = 47
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ];code = 93
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
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char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
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char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = o;code = 111
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char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
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char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
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char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
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char = d;code = 100
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char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = a;code = 97
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char = R;code = 82
char = B;code = 66
char = P;code = 80
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = u;code = 117
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = l;code = 108
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char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
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char = A;code = 65
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
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char = b;code = 98
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
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char = N;code = 78
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char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
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char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
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result sql = UNLABELLED : Several circulating cytokines are increased with obesity and may combine with the influence of visceral fat to generate insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Little information exists in NAFLD about three recently recognized tissue-derived cytokines that are all lipid-binding and involved in inflammation, namely adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), lipocalin-2, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4). We examined the association of these three peptides with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis plus indices of adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia in 100 subjects with NAFLD and 129 matched controls. Levels of AFABP and lipocalin-2, but not RBP4, were significantly elevated in NAFLD versus control (AFABP, 33.5 +/- 14.4 versus 23.1 +/- 12.1 ng/mL [P < 0.001]; lipocalin-2, 63.2 +/- 26 versus 48.6 +/- 20 ng/mL [P < 0.001]) and correlated with indices of adiposity. AFABP correlated with indices of subcutaneous rather than visceral fat. AFABP alone distinguished steatohepatitis from simple steatosis (P= 0.02). Elevated AFABP independently predicted increasing inflammation and fibrosis, even when insulin resistance and visceral fat were considered; this applied to lobular inflammation and ballooning (odds ratio 1.4, confidence interval 1.0-1.8) and fibrosis stage (odds ratio 1.3, confidence interval 1.0-1.7) (P < or = 0.05 for all). None of the cytokines correlated with steatosis grade. AFABP levels correlated with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) in controls and NAFLD, whereas lipocalin-2 and RBP4 only correlated positively with insulin resistance in controls.

CONCLUSION : Circulating AFABP, produced by adipocytes and macrophages, and lipocalin-2, produced by multiple tissues, are elevated and may contribute to the metabolic syndrome in NAFLD. AFABP levels, which correlate with subcutaneous, but not visceral fat, independently predict inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD and may have a direct pathogenic link to disease progression.

Publication: Hepatology 2009 Jun ;49(6)::1926-34. :doi: 10.1002/hep.22896.
Publication Date: 2009 Jun
Study Author(s): Milner, Kerry-Lee;van der Poorten, David;Xu, Aimin;Bugianesi, Elisabetta;Kench, James G;Lam, Karen S L;Chisholm, Donald J;George, Jacob;
Institution: Garvan Institute of Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Shortcut link to this study:
UNLABELLED : Several circulating cytokines are increased with obesity and may combine with the influence of visceral fat to generate insulin resistance, inflammation, and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Little information exists in NAFLD about three recently recognized tissue-derived cytokines that are all lipid-binding and involved in inflammation, namely adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), lipocalin-2, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4). We examined the association of these three peptides with hepatic steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis plus indices of adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidaemia in 100 subjects with NAFLD and 129 matched controls. Levels of AFABP and lipocalin-2, but not RBP4, were significantly elevated in NAFLD versus control (AFABP, 33.5 +/- 14.4 versus 23.1 +/- 12.1 ng/mL [P < 0.001]; lipocalin-2, 63.2 +/- 26 versus 48.6 +/- 20 ng/mL [P < 0.001]) and correlated with indices of adiposity. AFABP correlated with indices of subcutaneous rather than visceral fat. AFABP alone distinguished steatohepatitis from simple steatosis (P= 0.02). Elevated AFABP independently predicted increasing inflammation and fibrosis, even when insulin resistance and visceral fat were considered; this applied to lobular inflammation and ballooning (odds ratio 1.4, confidence interval 1.0-1.8) and fibrosis stage (odds ratio 1.3, confidence interval 1.0-1.7) (P < or = 0.05 for all). None of the cytokines correlated with steatosis grade. AFABP levels correlated with insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) in controls and NAFLD, whereas lipocalin-2 and RBP4 only correlated positively with insulin resistance in controls.

CONCLUSION : Circulating AFABP, produced by adipocytes and macrophages, and lipocalin-2, produced by multiple tissues, are elevated and may contribute to the metabolic syndrome in NAFLD. AFABP levels, which correlate with subcutaneous, but not visceral fat, independently predict inflammation and fibrosis in NAFLD and may have a direct pathogenic link to disease progression.
PMID: 19475694

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