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result sql = Regulation of PSA secretion and survival signaling by calcium-independent phopholipase A(2)beta in prostate cancer cells.
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char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = R;code = 82
char = W;code = 87
char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
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char = i;code = 105
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char = L;code = 76
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = v;code = 118
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char = L;code = 76
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
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char = L;code = 76
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
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char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
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char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
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char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = c;code = 99
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char = <;code = 60
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char = <;code = 60
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char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = i;code = 105
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char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
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char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = S;code = 83
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char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
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char = c;code = 99
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char = P;code = 80
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char = .;code = 46
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = -;code = 45
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char = i;code = 105
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char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
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char = s;code = 115
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in prostate cancer patients serve as a useful biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring prostate cancer. Recently, secreted PSA has been characterized as an autocrine survival factor through activation of Akt and induction of AR. In the normal prostate, PSA is secreted in the lumen of prostatic ducts to lyse proteins in the seminal coagulum.
METHODS : However, the mechanism for constitutive PSA secretion from benign prostate and its transport across the prostate-blood barrier into serum are unknown. Regulation of peptide secretion by iPLA(2)-beta has been reported in non-prostatic tissue and in prostate tissue iPLA(2)-beta is reported to be under androgen regulation. We investigated whether iPLA(2) plays a role for in PSA secretion by comparing iPLA(2) activity and expression in normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells and in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Expression of the two active iPLA(2)-beta mRNA splice variants, LH-iPLA(2) and SH-iPLA(2), were increased and the inhibitory ankyrin-iPLA(2) isoform was markedly reduced in LNCaP cells as compared to normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells.
RESULTS : These changes are consistent with a higher enzymatic activity in LNCaP cells. The iPLA(2)-beta-specific inhibitor BEL inhibited PSA secretion and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. iPLA(2) knockdown using SiRNA inhibited PSA secretion, downregulated AR and induced apoptosis. Exogenous PSA suppressed BEL-induced apoptosis and neutralizing anti-PSA antibody blocked the survival effect of PSA.
CONCLUSIONS : These data indicate that iPLA(2)-beta participates in regulating PSA secretion and supports the concept that secreted PSA provides an autocrine survival function in LNCaP cells.
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result sql = Regulation of PSA secretion and survival signaling by calcium-independent phopholipase A(2)beta in prostate cancer cells.
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char = i;code = 105
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char = t;code = 116
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char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = W;code = 87
char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = H;code = 72
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = k;code = 107
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
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char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = R;code = 82
char = W;code = 87
char = P;code = 80
char = E;code = 69
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = a;code = 97
char = P;code = 80
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = P;code = 80
char = L;code = 76
char = A;code = 65
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
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char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
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char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = i;code = 105
char = R;code = 82
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = n;code = 110
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = u;code = 117
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = -;code = 45
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
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result sql = BACKGROUND : Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in prostate cancer patients serve as a useful biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring prostate cancer. Recently, secreted PSA has been characterized as an autocrine survival factor through activation of Akt and induction of AR. In the normal prostate, PSA is secreted in the lumen of prostatic ducts to lyse proteins in the seminal coagulum.
METHODS : However, the mechanism for constitutive PSA secretion from benign prostate and its transport across the prostate-blood barrier into serum are unknown. Regulation of peptide secretion by iPLA(2)-beta has been reported in non-prostatic tissue and in prostate tissue iPLA(2)-beta is reported to be under androgen regulation. We investigated whether iPLA(2) plays a role for in PSA secretion by comparing iPLA(2) activity and expression in normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells and in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Expression of the two active iPLA(2)-beta mRNA splice variants, LH-iPLA(2) and SH-iPLA(2), were increased and the inhibitory ankyrin-iPLA(2) isoform was markedly reduced in LNCaP cells as compared to normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells.
RESULTS : These changes are consistent with a higher enzymatic activity in LNCaP cells. The iPLA(2)-beta-specific inhibitor BEL inhibited PSA secretion and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. iPLA(2) knockdown using SiRNA inhibited PSA secretion, downregulated AR and induced apoptosis. Exogenous PSA suppressed BEL-induced apoptosis and neutralizing anti-PSA antibody blocked the survival effect of PSA.
CONCLUSIONS : These data indicate that iPLA(2)-beta participates in regulating PSA secretion and supports the concept that secreted PSA provides an autocrine survival function in LNCaP cells.
Publication: Prostate 2009 Sep 1 ;69(12)::1270-80. :doi: 10.1002/pros.20968.
Publication Date: 2009 Sep 1
Study Author(s): Nicotera, Thomas M;Schuster, David P;Bourhim, Mustapha;Chadha, Kailash;Klaich, Gary;Corral, David A;
Institution: Department of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2009 Sep 1
Study Author(s): Nicotera, Thomas M;Schuster, David P;Bourhim, Mustapha;Chadha, Kailash;Klaich, Gary;Corral, David A;
Institution: Department of Cancer Prevention & Population Sciences, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York 14263, USA. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels in prostate cancer patients serve as a useful biomarker for diagnosing and monitoring prostate cancer. Recently, secreted PSA has been characterized as an autocrine survival factor through activation of Akt and induction of AR. In the normal prostate, PSA is secreted in the lumen of prostatic ducts to lyse proteins in the seminal coagulum.
METHODS : However, the mechanism for constitutive PSA secretion from benign prostate and its transport across the prostate-blood barrier into serum are unknown. Regulation of peptide secretion by iPLA(2)-beta has been reported in non-prostatic tissue and in prostate tissue iPLA(2)-beta is reported to be under androgen regulation. We investigated whether iPLA(2) plays a role for in PSA secretion by comparing iPLA(2) activity and expression in normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells and in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Expression of the two active iPLA(2)-beta mRNA splice variants, LH-iPLA(2) and SH-iPLA(2), were increased and the inhibitory ankyrin-iPLA(2) isoform was markedly reduced in LNCaP cells as compared to normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells.
RESULTS : These changes are consistent with a higher enzymatic activity in LNCaP cells. The iPLA(2)-beta-specific inhibitor BEL inhibited PSA secretion and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. iPLA(2) knockdown using SiRNA inhibited PSA secretion, downregulated AR and induced apoptosis. Exogenous PSA suppressed BEL-induced apoptosis and neutralizing anti-PSA antibody blocked the survival effect of PSA.
CONCLUSIONS : These data indicate that iPLA(2)-beta participates in regulating PSA secretion and supports the concept that secreted PSA provides an autocrine survival function in LNCaP cells.
METHODS : However, the mechanism for constitutive PSA secretion from benign prostate and its transport across the prostate-blood barrier into serum are unknown. Regulation of peptide secretion by iPLA(2)-beta has been reported in non-prostatic tissue and in prostate tissue iPLA(2)-beta is reported to be under androgen regulation. We investigated whether iPLA(2) plays a role for in PSA secretion by comparing iPLA(2) activity and expression in normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells and in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Expression of the two active iPLA(2)-beta mRNA splice variants, LH-iPLA(2) and SH-iPLA(2), were increased and the inhibitory ankyrin-iPLA(2) isoform was markedly reduced in LNCaP cells as compared to normal prostate epithelial RWPE-1 cells.
RESULTS : These changes are consistent with a higher enzymatic activity in LNCaP cells. The iPLA(2)-beta-specific inhibitor BEL inhibited PSA secretion and induced apoptosis in LNCaP cells. iPLA(2) knockdown using SiRNA inhibited PSA secretion, downregulated AR and induced apoptosis. Exogenous PSA suppressed BEL-induced apoptosis and neutralizing anti-PSA antibody blocked the survival effect of PSA.
CONCLUSIONS : These data indicate that iPLA(2)-beta participates in regulating PSA secretion and supports the concept that secreted PSA provides an autocrine survival function in LNCaP cells.
PMID: 19475654
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