char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain in the long term after upper limb amputation.
Prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain in the long term after upper limb amputation.char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = O;code = 79 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = h;code = 104 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = -;code = 45 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = 3;code = 51 char = 9;code = 57 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = 7;code = 55 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 8;code = 56 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = f;code = 102 char = -;code = 45 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 6;code = 54 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 6;code = 54 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = 3;code = 51 char = .;code = 46 char = 3;code = 51 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 6;code = 54 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = ';code = 39 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ';code = 39 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 3;code = 51 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = ';code = 39 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ';code = 39 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = 0;code = 48 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = ';code = 39 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ';code = 39 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = ';code = 39 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ';code = 39 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = This study aims to describe the prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain after upper limb amputation. One-hundred and forty-one participants (139 males; mean age 74.8 years; mean time since amputation 50.1 years) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing residual and phantom limb pain experience. Prevalence of phantom limb pain during the week preceding assessment was 42.6% (60 of 141). Prevalence of residual limb pain was 43.3% (61 of 141). More than one third of these had some pain constantly or most days. Phantom limb pain was commonly described as 'discomforting' (31 of 60) and associated with 'a little bit' of lifestyle interference (23 of 60). Residual limb pain was most often described as 'discomforting' (27 of 61) or 'distressing' (19 of 61) and was typically associated with low to moderate levels of lifestyle interference. Assessment of multiple dimensions of postamputation pain in the long term after upper limb amputation is warranted.
Publication: Int J Rehabil Res 2010 Sep ;33(3)::279-82. :doi: 10.1097/MRR.0b013e328336388d.
Publication Date: 2010 Sep
Study Author(s): Desmond, Deirdre M;Maclachlan, Malcolm;
Institution: Department of Psychology, National University of Ireland Maynooth, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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This study aims to describe the prevalence and characteristics of phantom limb pain and residual limb pain after upper limb amputation. One-hundred and forty-one participants (139 males; mean age 74.8 years; mean time since amputation 50.1 years) completed a self-report questionnaire assessing residual and phantom limb pain experience. Prevalence of phantom limb pain during the week preceding assessment was 42.6% (60 of 141). Prevalence of residual limb pain was 43.3% (61 of 141). More than one third of these had some pain constantly or most days. Phantom limb pain was commonly described as 'discomforting' (31 of 60) and associated with 'a little bit' of lifestyle interference (23 of 60). Residual limb pain was most often described as 'discomforting' (27 of 61) or 'distressing' (19 of 61) and was typically associated with low to moderate levels of lifestyle interference. Assessment of multiple dimensions of postamputation pain in the long term after upper limb amputation is warranted.