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result sql = Spatial variations of aluminum species in drinking water supplies in Xi'an studied applying geographic information system.
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result sql = This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum (Al(T)) of drinking water in Xi'an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of Al(T) in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value (0.2 mg/L). The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion (39.4%) of samples over the recommended value. In drinking water treated by alum coagulant, the average concentration of monomeric aluminum (Al(a)) was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine (PACl) and poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC). The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum (Al(b)) and colloidal/suspended aluminum (Al(c)) in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC. There was a notable decrease in Al(T) along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants, with an average decline of about 36 microg/(L x km). Besides coagulant type, water quality also could affect aluminum speciation. In drinking water without orthophosphate, the concentrations of Al(a) and Al(T) were positively correlated with pH; while, in drinking water with orthophosphate, the concentrations of Al(a) and Al(T) were negatively correlated with pH. The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.
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result sql = Spatial variations of aluminum species in drinking water supplies in Xi'an studied applying geographic information system.
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
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char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
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char = c;code = 99
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = X;code = 88
char = i;code = 105
char = ';code = 39
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
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char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
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char = m;code = 109
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char = /;code = 47
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
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char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
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char = m;code = 109
char = g;code = 103
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char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = u;code = 117
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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = c;code = 99
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char = c;code = 99
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
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char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
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char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = C;code = 67
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char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
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char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
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char = b;code = 98
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char = i;code = 105
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char = A;code = 65
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char = );code = 41
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
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char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = P;code = 80
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
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char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
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char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = x;code = 120
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char = m;code = 109
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char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
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char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = a;code = 97
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = l;code = 108
char = (;code = 40
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = k;code = 107
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
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char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 8;code = 56
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char = 2;code = 50
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result sql = This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum (Al(T)) of drinking water in Xi'an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of Al(T) in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value (0.2 mg/L). The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion (39.4%) of samples over the recommended value. In drinking water treated by alum coagulant, the average concentration of monomeric aluminum (Al(a)) was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine (PACl) and poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC). The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum (Al(b)) and colloidal/suspended aluminum (Al(c)) in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC. There was a notable decrease in Al(T) along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants, with an average decline of about 36 microg/(L x km). Besides coagulant type, water quality also could affect aluminum speciation. In drinking water without orthophosphate, the concentrations of Al(a) and Al(T) were positively correlated with pH; while, in drinking water with orthophosphate, the concentrations of Al(a) and Al(T) were negatively correlated with pH. The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.
Publication: J Environ Sci (China) 2010 ;22(4)::519-25.
Publication Date: 2010
Study Author(s): Wang, Wendong;Li, Hua;Wang, Xiaochang;Liu, Yongjun;
Institution: School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2010
Study Author(s): Wang, Wendong;Li, Hua;Wang, Xiaochang;Liu, Yongjun;
Institution: School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
This article aimed to investigate the variation of aluminum species and the effects of coagulant type and water quality on aluminum speciation in drinking water. Statistical analysis showed that the concentration of total aluminum (Al(T)) of drinking water in Xi'an ranged from 0.051 to 0.417 mg/L and the concentration of Al(T) in about 24.7% studied samples was higher than the currently recommended value (0.2 mg/L). The areas fed by surface water plants had a larger portion (39.4%) of samples over the recommended value. In drinking water treated by alum coagulant, the average concentration of monomeric aluminum (Al(a)) was higher than that in water treated by poly aluminum chlorine (PACl) and poly aluminum ferric chloride (PAFC). The average concentrations of polynuclear aluminum (Al(b)) and colloidal/suspended aluminum (Al(c)) in the drinking water treated by alum were lower than those in water treated by PACl and PAFC. There was a notable decrease in Al(T) along with the delivery pipeline away from the plants, with an average decline of about 36 microg/(L x km). Besides coagulant type, water quality also could affect aluminum speciation. In drinking water without orthophosphate, the concentrations of Al(a) and Al(T) were positively correlated with pH; while, in drinking water with orthophosphate, the concentrations of Al(a) and Al(T) were negatively correlated with pH. The addition of orthophosphate salts in the drinking water treatment process would be an effective method for aluminum control in pH range 6.5-8.2.
PMID: 20617727
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