char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 result sql = NAMPT (visfatin) in the chicken testis: influence of sexual maturation on cellular localization, plasma levels and gene and protein expression.
NAMPT (visfatin) in the chicken testis: influence of sexual maturation on cellular localization, plasma levels and gene and protein expression.char = N;code = 78 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = y;code = 121 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = D;code = 68 char = -;code = 45 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = j;code = 106 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = B;code = 66 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = R;code = 82 char = T;code = 84 char = -;code = 45 char = P;code = 80 char = C;code = 67 char = R;code = 82 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = D;code = 68 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = y;code = 121 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = -;code = 45 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = y;code = 121 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = -;code = 45 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = C;code = 67 char = R;code = 82 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = R;code = 82 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = z;code = 122 char = y;code = 121 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 8;code = 56 char = -;code = 45 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = a;code = 97 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = u;code = 117 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = P;code = 80 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a cytokine hormone and rate-limiting enzyme involved in production of NAD and therefore affects a variety of cellular functions requiring NAD. Spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis are likely to depend on NAD-dependent reactions and may therefore be affected by changes in testicular NAMPT expression. The objectives of the present study are to investigate testicular NAMPT expression as well as plasma NAMPT levels in prepubertal and adult chickens. By RT-PCR, NAMPT cDNA expression was detected in prepubertal and adult chicken testes. Using immunohistochemistry, NAMPT was predominantly localized in the nucleus of myoid cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in the prepubertal chicken testis. In adult chickens, however, NAMPT-immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongated spermatids, but not in the spermatogonial cells. Using real-time quantitative PCR, adult chicken testis was found to contain fourfold greater NAMPT mRNA quantity compared with prepubertal chickens. Testicular NAMPT protein quantities determined by western blotting were not significantly different between adult and prepubertal chicken testes. Using immunoblotting, NAMPT was detected in the seminal plasma and sperm protein extracts obtained from chicken semen. Plasma NAMPT levels, determined by enzyme immunoassay, were at least 28-fold higher in the adult chickens compared with prepubertal male chickens. Taken together, sexual maturation is associated with several changes in testicular NAMPT expression indicating that NAMPT is likely to play a significant role in testicular functions such as spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.
Publication: Reproduction 2010 Jan ;139(1)::217-26. :doi: 10.1530/REP-08-0377.
Publication Date: 2010 Jan
Study Author(s): Ocón-Grove, Olga M;Krzysik-Walker, Susan M;Maddineni, Sreenivasa R;Hendricks, Gilbert L;Ramachandran, Ramesh;
Institution: Department of Poultry Science, Center for Reproductive Biology and Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 213 Henning Building, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a cytokine hormone and rate-limiting enzyme involved in production of NAD and therefore affects a variety of cellular functions requiring NAD. Spermatogenesis and testicular steroidogenesis are likely to depend on NAD-dependent reactions and may therefore be affected by changes in testicular NAMPT expression. The objectives of the present study are to investigate testicular NAMPT expression as well as plasma NAMPT levels in prepubertal and adult chickens. By RT-PCR, NAMPT cDNA expression was detected in prepubertal and adult chicken testes. Using immunohistochemistry, NAMPT was predominantly localized in the nucleus of myoid cells, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in the prepubertal chicken testis. In adult chickens, however, NAMPT-immunostaining was observed in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells, Sertoli cells, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, round spermatids, and elongated spermatids, but not in the spermatogonial cells. Using real-time quantitative PCR, adult chicken testis was found to contain fourfold greater NAMPT mRNA quantity compared with prepubertal chickens. Testicular NAMPT protein quantities determined by western blotting were not significantly different between adult and prepubertal chicken testes. Using immunoblotting, NAMPT was detected in the seminal plasma and sperm protein extracts obtained from chicken semen. Plasma NAMPT levels, determined by enzyme immunoassay, were at least 28-fold higher in the adult chickens compared with prepubertal male chickens. Taken together, sexual maturation is associated with several changes in testicular NAMPT expression indicating that NAMPT is likely to play a significant role in testicular functions such as spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis.
PMID: 19736255