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char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = -;code = 45 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = -;code = 45 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = 2;code = 50 char = 5;code = 53 char = ,;code = 44 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = 1;code = 49 char = 3;code = 51 char = ,;code = 44 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = U;code = 85 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = F;code = 70 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 5;code = 53 char = 3;code = 51 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 4;code = 52 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = 9;code = 57 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = .;code = 46 char = 4;code = 52 char = 2;code = 50 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = .;code = 46 char = 2;code = 50 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = P;code = 80 char = ;code = 32 char = =;code = 61 char = ;code = 32 char = 0;code = 48 char = .;code = 46 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = 4;code = 52 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = y;code = 121 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = u;code = 117 char = k;code = 107 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = x;code = 120 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 result sql = OBJECTIVE : Formaldehyde exposures are common, and data linking these exposures to leukemia have been mixed and controversial. The objective of this analysis is to review the current epidemiologic literature on formaldehyde and leukemia.METHODS : We performed an updated meta-analysis focusing on high-exposure groups and myeloid leukemia and included two large recent studies: one involving >25,000 workers in US formaldehyde industries and the other involving a cohort of >13,000 funeral directors and embalmers.RESULTS : Formaldehyde was associated with increased risks of leukemia (relative risk = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 2.21; P = 0.005; 14 studies), specifically myeloid leukemia (relative risk = 2.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.42 to 4.27; P = 0.001; 4 studies).CONCLUSION : These findings provide evidence of increased myeloid leukemia risk with exposure to formaldehyde.
Publication: J. Occup. Environ. Med. 2010 Sep ;52(9)::878-86. :doi: 10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181ef7e31.
Publication Date: 2010 Sep
Study Author(s): Schwilk, Erika;Zhang, Luoping;Smith, Martyn T;Smith, Allan H;Steinmaus, Craig;
Institution: Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
OBJECTIVE : Formaldehyde exposures are common, and data linking these exposures to leukemia have been mixed and controversial. The objective of this analysis is to review the current epidemiologic literature on formaldehyde and leukemia.METHODS : We performed an updated meta-analysis focusing on high-exposure groups and myeloid leukemia and included two large recent studies: one involving >25,000 workers in US formaldehyde industries and the other involving a cohort of >13,000 funeral directors and embalmers.RESULTS : Formaldehyde was associated with increased risks of leukemia (relative risk = 1.53; 95% confidence interval = 1.11 to 2.21; P = 0.005; 14 studies), specifically myeloid leukemia (relative risk = 2.47; 95% confidence interval = 1.42 to 4.27; P = 0.001; 4 studies).CONCLUSION : These findings provide evidence of increased myeloid leukemia risk with exposure to formaldehyde.
PMID: 20798648