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char = c;code = 99
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
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result sql = Serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in insulin resistant patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a novel liver disease biomarker.

Serum dipeptidyl peptidase-4 activity in insulin resistant patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a novel liver disease biomarker.

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char = 5;code = 53
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = H;code = 72
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
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char = T;code = 84
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
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char = p;code = 112
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char = s;code = 115
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = G;code = 71
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char = I;code = 73
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char = G;code = 71
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
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char = A;code = 65
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = I;code = 73
char = R;code = 82
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char = C;code = 67
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char = T;code = 84
char = R;code = 82
char = L;code = 76
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 4;code = 52
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char = T;code = 84
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char = o;code = 111
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char = 2;code = 50
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char = p;code = 112
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 6;code = 54
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char = v;code = 118
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char = C;code = 67
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char = T;code = 84
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char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = G;code = 71
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char = o;code = 111
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char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = 3;code = 51
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char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
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char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
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char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
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char = C;code = 67
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = R;code = 82
char = L;code = 76
char = );code = 41
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = (;code = 40
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = G;code = 71
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char = I;code = 73
char = G;code = 71
char = T;code = 84
char = /;code = 47
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = p;code = 112
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 8;code = 56
char = 2;code = 50
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char = (;code = 40
char = p;code = 112
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
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char = C;code = 67
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = R;code = 82
char = L;code = 76
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = 9;code = 57
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char = v;code = 118
char = s;code = 115
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char = 2;code = 50
char = T;code = 84
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
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char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
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char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = N;code = 78
char = G;code = 71
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = 3;code = 51
char = 3;code = 51
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 8;code = 56
char = U;code = 85
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 3;code = 51
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char = U;code = 85
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = C;code = 67
char = N;code = 78
char = T;code = 84
char = R;code = 82
char = L;code = 76
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
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char = p;code = 112
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = U;code = 85
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = p;code = 112
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
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char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
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char = s;code = 115
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char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
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char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
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char = ;code = 32
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
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char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
char = ;code = 32
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char = 9;code = 57
char = 9;code = 57
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = a;code = 97
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char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
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char = A;code = 65
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = I;code = 73
char = R;code = 82
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = =;code = 61
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = p;code = 112
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char = =;code = 61
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char = C;code = 67
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char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = S;code = 83
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char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = f;code = 102
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char = e;code = 101
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char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
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char = a;code = 97
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
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char = a;code = 97
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char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
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char = A;code = 65
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char = p;code = 112
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char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = g;code = 103
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = G;code = 71
char = T;code = 84
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
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char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
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char = P;code = 80
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = A;code = 65
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char = R;code = 82
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = F;code = 70
char = L;code = 76
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = P;code = 80
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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result sql = BACKGROUND : In a cross-sectional study we studied the fasting serum DPP-4 enzymatic activity (sDPP-4) and the insulin resistance index (HOMA2-IR) in gliptin naïve patients with type 2 diabetes and in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and in healthy controls (CNTRL).

METHODS AND FINDINGS : sDPP-4 was measured by kinetic assay in 39 NAFLD (F/M:19/20, mean age: 47.42 yrs) and 82 type 2 diabetes (F/M:48/34, 62.8 yrs) patients and 26 (F/M:14/12, 35.3 yrs) controls. Definition of T2D group as patients with type 2 diabetes but without clinically obvious liver disease created non-overlapping study groups. Diagnosis of NAFLD was based on ultrasonography and the exclusion of other etiololgy. Patients in T2D and NAFLD groups were similarly obese. 75 g CH OGTT in 39 NAFLD patients: 24-NGT, 4-IGT or IFG ("prediabetes"), 11-type 2 diabetes. HOMA2-IR: CNTRL: 1.44; T2D-group: 2.62 (p = 0.046 vs CNTRL, parametric tests); NAFLD(NGTonly): 3.23 (p = 0.0013 vs CNTRL); NAFLD(IFG/IGT/type 2 diabetes): 3.82 (p<0.001 vs CNTRL, p = 0.049 vs 2TD group). sDPP-4 activity was higher in NAFLD both with NGT (mean:33.08U/L) and abnormal glucose metabolism (30.38U/L) than in CNTRL (25.89U/L, p<0.001 and p = 0.013) or in T2D groups (23.97U/L, p<0.001 and p = 0.004). Correlations in NAFLD among sDPP-4 and ALT: r = 0.4637,p = 0.0038 and gammaGT: r = 0.4991,p = 0.0017 and HOMA2-IR: r = 0.5295,p = 0.0026 and among HOMA2-IR and ALT: r = 0.4340,p = 0.0147 and gammaGT: r = 0.4128,p = 0.0210.

CONCLUSIONS : The fasting serum DPP-4 activity was not increased in T2D provided that patients with liver disease were intentionally excluded. The high serum DPP-4 activities in NAFLD were correlated with liver tests but not with the fasting plasma glucose or HbA1C supporting that the excess is of hepatic origin and it might contribute to the speedup of metabolic deterioration. The correlation among gammaGT, ALT and serum DPP-4 activity and also between serum DPP-4 activity and HOMA2-IR in NAFLD strongly suggests that serum DPP-4 activity should be considered as a novel liver disease biomarker.

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