|
|
char = D;code = 68
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Dietary trans-fat combined with monosodium glutamate induces dyslipidemia and impairs spatial memory.
Dietary trans-fat combined with monosodium glutamate induces dyslipidemia and impairs spatial memory.char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = g;code = 103
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = 5;code = 53
char = 7;code = 55
char = B;code = 66
char = L;code = 76
char = /;code = 47
char = 6;code = 54
char = J;code = 74
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
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char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
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char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
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char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = W;code = 87
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
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char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
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char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
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char = v;code = 118
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = l;code = 108
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char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = <;code = 60
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char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = R;code = 82
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result sql = AIMS : Recent evidence suggests that intake of excessive dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and trans-hydrogenated oils (trans-fatty acids: TFA) can impair learning and memory. Central obesity, which can be induced by neonatal injections of monosodium Glutamate (MSG), also impairs learning and memory. To further clarify the effects of dietary fat and MSG, we treated C57BL/6J mice with either a TFA-enriched diet, dietary MSG, or a combination of both and examined serum lipid profile and spatial memory compared to mice fed standard chow. Spatial learning was assessed at 6, 16 and 32 weeks of age in a Morris Water Maze (MWM). The subjects were given four days of training to find a hidden platform and a fifth day of reversal learning, in which the platform was moved to a new location.
RESULTS : The TFA+MSG combination caused a central adiposity that was accompanied by impairment in locating the hidden platform in the MWM. Females in the TFA+MSG group showed a greater impairment compared to the other diet groups, and also showed elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C and T-CHOL:HDL-C ratio, together with the lowest levels of HDL-C. Similarly, males in the TFA+MSG diet group were less successful than control mice at locating the hidden platform and had the highest level of abdominal adiposity and elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C.
CONCLUSION : Dietary trans-fat combined with MSG increased central adiposity, promoted dyslipidemia and impaired spatial learning.
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result sql = Dietary trans-fat combined with monosodium glutamate induces dyslipidemia and impairs spatial memory.
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
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char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = s;code = 115
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
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char = w;code = 119
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
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char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = y;code = 121
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = f;code = 102
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = 5;code = 53
char = 7;code = 55
char = B;code = 66
char = L;code = 76
char = /;code = 47
char = 6;code = 54
char = J;code = 74
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
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char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = r;code = 114
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
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char = m;code = 109
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char = c;code = 99
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char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
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char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = 6;code = 54
char = ,;code = 44
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = 3;code = 51
char = 2;code = 50
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
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char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
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char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = W;code = 87
char = M;code = 77
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
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char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
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char = f;code = 102
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char = a;code = 97
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
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char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
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char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
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char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
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char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
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char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
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char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = T;code = 84
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = +;code = 43
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char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
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char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
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char = a;code = 97
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = M;code = 77
char = W;code = 87
char = M;code = 77
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = F;code = 70
char = A;code = 65
char = +;code = 43
char = M;code = 77
char = S;code = 83
char = G;code = 71
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = g;code = 103
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char = l;code = 108
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char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
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char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
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char = o;code = 111
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char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
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char = ;code = 32
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char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
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char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
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char = h;code = 104
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char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
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char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
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char = l;code = 108
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char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
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char = o;code = 111
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char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = d;code = 100
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char = s;code = 115
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char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
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char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
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char = n;code = 110
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char = .;code = 46
result sql = AIMS : Recent evidence suggests that intake of excessive dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and trans-hydrogenated oils (trans-fatty acids: TFA) can impair learning and memory. Central obesity, which can be induced by neonatal injections of monosodium Glutamate (MSG), also impairs learning and memory. To further clarify the effects of dietary fat and MSG, we treated C57BL/6J mice with either a TFA-enriched diet, dietary MSG, or a combination of both and examined serum lipid profile and spatial memory compared to mice fed standard chow. Spatial learning was assessed at 6, 16 and 32 weeks of age in a Morris Water Maze (MWM). The subjects were given four days of training to find a hidden platform and a fifth day of reversal learning, in which the platform was moved to a new location.
RESULTS : The TFA+MSG combination caused a central adiposity that was accompanied by impairment in locating the hidden platform in the MWM. Females in the TFA+MSG group showed a greater impairment compared to the other diet groups, and also showed elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C and T-CHOL:HDL-C ratio, together with the lowest levels of HDL-C. Similarly, males in the TFA+MSG diet group were less successful than control mice at locating the hidden platform and had the highest level of abdominal adiposity and elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C.
CONCLUSION : Dietary trans-fat combined with MSG increased central adiposity, promoted dyslipidemia and impaired spatial learning.
Publication: Physiol. Behav. 2010 Mar 3 ;99(3)::334-42. :doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.11.010.
Publication Date: 2010 Mar 3
Study Author(s): Collison, Kate S;Makhoul, Nadine J;Inglis, Angela;Al-Johi, Mohammed;Zaidi, Marya Zia;Maqbool, Zakia;Saleh, Soad M;Bakheet, Razan;Mondreal, Rhea;Al-Rabiah, Rana;Shoukri, Mohammed;Milgram, Norton W;Al-Mohanna, Futwan A;
Institution: Cell Biology & Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Biological & Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2010 Mar 3
Study Author(s): Collison, Kate S;Makhoul, Nadine J;Inglis, Angela;Al-Johi, Mohammed;Zaidi, Marya Zia;Maqbool, Zakia;Saleh, Soad M;Bakheet, Razan;Mondreal, Rhea;Al-Rabiah, Rana;Shoukri, Mohammed;Milgram, Norton W;Al-Mohanna, Futwan A;
Institution: Cell Biology & Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Biological & Medical Research, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, P.O. BOX 3354, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
AIMS : Recent evidence suggests that intake of excessive dietary fat, particularly saturated fat and trans-hydrogenated oils (trans-fatty acids: TFA) can impair learning and memory. Central obesity, which can be induced by neonatal injections of monosodium Glutamate (MSG), also impairs learning and memory. To further clarify the effects of dietary fat and MSG, we treated C57BL/6J mice with either a TFA-enriched diet, dietary MSG, or a combination of both and examined serum lipid profile and spatial memory compared to mice fed standard chow. Spatial learning was assessed at 6, 16 and 32 weeks of age in a Morris Water Maze (MWM). The subjects were given four days of training to find a hidden platform and a fifth day of reversal learning, in which the platform was moved to a new location.
RESULTS : The TFA+MSG combination caused a central adiposity that was accompanied by impairment in locating the hidden platform in the MWM. Females in the TFA+MSG group showed a greater impairment compared to the other diet groups, and also showed elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C and T-CHOL:HDL-C ratio, together with the lowest levels of HDL-C. Similarly, males in the TFA+MSG diet group were less successful than control mice at locating the hidden platform and had the highest level of abdominal adiposity and elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C.
CONCLUSION : Dietary trans-fat combined with MSG increased central adiposity, promoted dyslipidemia and impaired spatial learning.
RESULTS : The TFA+MSG combination caused a central adiposity that was accompanied by impairment in locating the hidden platform in the MWM. Females in the TFA+MSG group showed a greater impairment compared to the other diet groups, and also showed elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C and T-CHOL:HDL-C ratio, together with the lowest levels of HDL-C. Similarly, males in the TFA+MSG diet group were less successful than control mice at locating the hidden platform and had the highest level of abdominal adiposity and elevated levels of fasting serum LDL-C.
CONCLUSION : Dietary trans-fat combined with MSG increased central adiposity, promoted dyslipidemia and impaired spatial learning.
PMID: 19945473
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