char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = A;code = 65 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc concentrations in kidneys of grey wolves, Canis lupus, from Alaska, Idaho, Montana (USA) and the Northwest Territories (Canada).
Cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc concentrations in kidneys of grey wolves, Canis lupus, from Alaska, Idaho, Montana (USA) and the Northwest Territories (Canada).char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 1;code = 49 char = 5;code = 53 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = U;code = 85 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = );code = 41 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = k;code = 107 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = u;code = 117 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = >;code = 62 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = &;code = 38 char = #;code = 35 char = 8;code = 56 char = 7;code = 55 char = 7;code = 55 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = );code = 41 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = d;code = 100 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = a;code = 97 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc levels were measured in the kidneys of 115 grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Idaho, Montana and Alaska (United States), and from the Northwest Territories (Canada). No significant differences in the levels of iron or copper were observed between locations, but wolf kidneys from more northern locations had significantly higher cadmium levels (Alaska > Northwest Territories > Montana ≈ Idaho), and wolves from Alaska showed significantly higher zinc than other locations. Additionally, female wolves in Alaska had higher iron levels than males, and adult wolves in Montana had higher copper levels than subadults.
Publication: Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2010 Nov ;85(5)::481-5. :doi: 10.1007/s00128-010-0126-6.
Publication Date: 2010 Nov
Study Author(s): Hoffmann, S R;Blunck, S A;Petersen, K N;Jones, E M;Koval, J C;Misek, R;Frick, J A;Cluff, H D;Sime, C A;McNay, M;Beckman, K B;Atkinson, M W;Drew, M;Collinge, M D;Bangs, E E;Harper, R G;
Institution: Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Cadmium, copper, iron, and zinc levels were measured in the kidneys of 115 grey wolves (Canis lupus) from Idaho, Montana and Alaska (United States), and from the Northwest Territories (Canada). No significant differences in the levels of iron or copper were observed between locations, but wolf kidneys from more northern locations had significantly higher cadmium levels (Alaska > Northwest Territories > Montana ≈ Idaho), and wolves from Alaska showed significantly higher zinc than other locations. Additionally, female wolves in Alaska had higher iron levels than males, and adult wolves in Montana had higher copper levels than subadults.
PMID: 20972865