char = N;code = 78 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Natural IgM and innate immune collectin SP-D bind to late apoptotic cells and enhance their clearance by alveolar macrophages in vivo.
Natural IgM and innate immune collectin SP-D bind to late apoptotic cells and enhance their clearance by alveolar macrophages in vivo.char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = o;code = 111 char = o;code = 111 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = -;code = 45 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = J;code = 74 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = k;code = 107 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = u;code = 117 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = L;code = 76 char = P;code = 80 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = h;code = 104 char = o;code = 111 char = w;code = 119 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = -;code = 45 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = -;code = 45 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = o;code = 111 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = u;code = 117 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = &;code = 38 char = #;code = 35 char = 2;code = 50 char = 3;code = 51 char = 9;code = 57 char = ;;code = 59 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = u;code = 117 char = g;code = 103 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = g;code = 103 char = M;code = 77 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = P;code = 80 char = -;code = 45 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = i;code = 105 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 result sql = Innate immune collectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) and natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) are two soluble proteins. These opsonic proteins are good candidates for enhancing late apoptotic cell clearance. However, effects of these proteins on late apoptotic cell clearance in the lungs are not clearly established. We have recently shown that SP-D can bind several immunoglobulin isotypes, including IgM. Here we hypothesized that IgM and SP-D bind to late apoptotic cells and enhance their clearance from the lungs. We show that IgM and SP-D bind to late apoptotic secondary necrotic cells, and that IgM and SP-D either co-localize to the same regions or to different regions of late apoptotic Jurkat T cells. Mouse alveolar macrophages internalized late apoptotic cells, in vivo. We induced lung inflammation in mice using LPS and show that airway IgM and SP-D levels and the clearance of late apoptotic cells by alveolar macrophages increases under these conditions. We then coated late apoptotic cells with IgM, SP-D, or both and instilled them into the mouse airways. We found that alveolar macrophages internalize IgM- and SP-D-coated late apoptotic cells more effectively than uncoated late apoptotic cells, in vivo. None of these conditions cause inflammation in the naïve lungs. Therefore, these data suggest that both IgM and SP-D effectively opsonize late apoptotic cells and directly enhance their clearance by alveolar macrophages in the lungs.
Publication: Mol. Immunol. 2010 Nov-Dec ;48(1-3)::37-47. :doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2010.09.014.
Publication Date: 2010 Nov-Dec
Study Author(s): Litvack, Michael L;Djiadeu, Pascal;Renganathan, Sri Dushyaanthan Sri;Sy, Sarah;Post, Martin;Palaniyar, Nades;
Institution: Lung Innate Immunity Research Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Shortcut link to this study:
Innate immune collectin surfactant protein D (SP-D) and natural immunoglobulin M (IgM) are two soluble proteins. These opsonic proteins are good candidates for enhancing late apoptotic cell clearance. However, effects of these proteins on late apoptotic cell clearance in the lungs are not clearly established. We have recently shown that SP-D can bind several immunoglobulin isotypes, including IgM. Here we hypothesized that IgM and SP-D bind to late apoptotic cells and enhance their clearance from the lungs. We show that IgM and SP-D bind to late apoptotic secondary necrotic cells, and that IgM and SP-D either co-localize to the same regions or to different regions of late apoptotic Jurkat T cells. Mouse alveolar macrophages internalized late apoptotic cells, in vivo. We induced lung inflammation in mice using LPS and show that airway IgM and SP-D levels and the clearance of late apoptotic cells by alveolar macrophages increases under these conditions. We then coated late apoptotic cells with IgM, SP-D, or both and instilled them into the mouse airways. We found that alveolar macrophages internalize IgM- and SP-D-coated late apoptotic cells more effectively than uncoated late apoptotic cells, in vivo. None of these conditions cause inflammation in the naïve lungs. Therefore, these data suggest that both IgM and SP-D effectively opsonize late apoptotic cells and directly enhance their clearance by alveolar macrophages in the lungs.
PMID: 21035192