char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 result sql = Prescribing patterns for the outpatient treatment of constipation in the United States.
Prescribing patterns for the outpatient treatment of constipation in the United States.char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = B;code = 66 char = A;code = 65 char = C;code = 67 char = K;code = 75 char = G;code = 71 char = R;code = 82 char = O;code = 79 char = U;code = 85 char = N;code = 78 char = D;code = 68 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = A;code = 65 char = I;code = 73 char = M;code = 77 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = g;code = 103 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 1;code = 49 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = 2;code = 50 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = b;code = 98 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = M;code = 77 char = E;code = 69 char = T;code = 84 char = H;code = 72 char = O;code = 79 char = D;code = 68 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = T;code = 84 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = -;code = 45 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = u;code = 117 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = z;code = 122 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = N;code = 78 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = A;code = 65 char = m;code = 109 char = b;code = 98 char = u;code = 117 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = M;code = 77 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = C;code = 67 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = S;code = 83 char = u;code = 117 char = r;code = 114 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = (;code = 40 char = N;code = 78 char = A;code = 65 char = M;code = 77 char = C;code = 67 char = S;code = 83 char = );code = 41 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = f;code = 102 char = f;code = 102 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = I;code = 73 char = n;code = 110 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 6;code = 54 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = R;code = 82 char = E;code = 69 char = S;code = 83 char = U;code = 85 char = L;code = 76 char = T;code = 84 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = A;code = 65 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = t;code = 116 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = 5;code = 53 char = 2;code = 50 char = .;code = 46 char = 7;code = 55 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = i;code = 105 char = l;code = 108 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = p;code = 112 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = T;code = 84 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 7;code = 55 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = v;code = 118 char = i;code = 105 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 1;code = 49 char = %;code = 37 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 3;code = 51 char = %;code = 37 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = 9;code = 57 char = %;code = 37 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = F;code = 70 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = m;code = 109 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 9;code = 57 char = 9;code = 57 char = 7;code = 55 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 1;code = 49 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = ;code = 32 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 2;code = 50 char = -;code = 45 char = 2;code = 50 char = 0;code = 48 char = 0;code = 48 char = 6;code = 54 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 2;code = 50 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 6;code = 54 char = %;code = 37 char = ;;code = 59 char = ;code = 32 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 1;code = 49 char = 5;code = 53 char = %;code = 37 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = x;code = 120 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = 3;code = 51 char = %;code = 37 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = W;code = 87 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = u;code = 117 char = p;code = 112 char = s;code = 115 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = t;code = 116 char = o;code = 111 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = s;code = 115 char = o;code = 111 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = l;code = 108 char = u;code = 117 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = g;code = 103 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = e;code = 101 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = n;code = 110 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = y;code = 121 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = ;code = 32 char = s;code = 115 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = c;code = 99 char = i;code = 105 char = a;code = 97 char = l;code = 108 char = t;code = 116 char = y;code = 121 char = ,;code = 44 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = .;code = 46 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = r;code = 114 char = /;code = 47 char = >;code = 62 char = <;code = 60 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = C;code = 67 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = C;code = 67 char = L;code = 76 char = U;code = 85 char = S;code = 83 char = I;code = 73 char = O;code = 79 char = N;code = 78 char = S;code = 83 char = ;code = 32 char = :;code = 58 char = ;code = 32 char = <;code = 60 char = /;code = 47 char = b;code = 98 char = >;code = 62 char = P;code = 80 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = f;code = 102 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = a;code = 97 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = g;code = 103 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = p;code = 112 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = n;code = 110 char = o;code = 111 char = n;code = 110 char = p;code = 112 char = h;code = 104 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = m;code = 109 char = a;code = 97 char = c;code = 99 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = o;code = 111 char = g;code = 103 char = i;code = 105 char = c;code = 99 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = h;code = 104 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = a;code = 97 char = p;code = 112 char = i;code = 105 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = .;code = 46 char = ;code = 32 char = H;code = 72 char = y;code = 121 char = p;code = 112 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = l;code = 108 char = a;code = 97 char = r;code = 114 char = s;code = 115 char = ;code = 32 char = w;code = 119 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = ;code = 32 char = p;code = 112 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = s;code = 115 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = i;code = 105 char = b;code = 98 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = m;code = 109 char = o;code = 111 char = s;code = 115 char = t;code = 116 char = ;code = 32 char = f;code = 102 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = q;code = 113 char = u;code = 117 char = e;code = 101 char = n;code = 110 char = t;code = 116 char = l;code = 108 char = y;code = 121 char = ;code = 32 char = a;code = 97 char = n;code = 110 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = i;code = 105 char = n;code = 110 char = c;code = 99 char = r;code = 114 char = e;code = 101 char = a;code = 97 char = s;code = 115 char = e;code = 101 char = d;code = 100 char = ;code = 32 char = o;code = 111 char = v;code = 118 char = e;code = 101 char = r;code = 114 char = ;code = 32 char = t;code = 116 char = i;code = 105 char = m;code = 109 char = e;code = 101 char = .;code = 46 result sql = BACKGROUND : The incidence of constipation is rising. National data on the prescribing of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, or factors influencing the prescribing of therapies for constipation are limited.AIMS : This study was designed to (1) identify prescribing patterns for constipation, and (2) determine associations between prescribing patterns and demographic variables among US outpatients.METHODS : This was a retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) from 1997 to 2006 on constipation treatment trends across different age groups. Information collected from each visit included demographic data, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for constipation. To assess for trends, the data for 1997-2001 and 2002-2006 were compared.RESULTS : A total of 52.7 million patient visits were related to constipation. Treatments prescribed were medication and nonpharmacologic therapies for 17% of visits, medications for 21%, nonpharmacologic therapies for 23%, and no therapy for 39%. From 1997-2001 to 2002-2006, the prescribing of medications increased 12% and nonpharmacologic therapies decreased 6%; hyperosmolars increased 15% and saline laxatives decreased 3%. Within the age groups, factors associated with prescribing included gender, ethnicity, race, physician specialty, and region.CONCLUSIONS : Prescribing of medications increasingly replaced nonpharmacologic therapies. Hyperosmolars were prescribed most frequently and increased over time.
Publication: Dig. Dis. Sci. 2010 Dec ;55(12)::3514-20. :doi: 10.1007/s10620-010-1196-3.
Publication Date: 2010 Dec
Study Author(s): Trinkley, Katy E;Porter, Kyle;Nahata, Milap C;
Institution: College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, 500 W 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
[email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : The incidence of constipation is rising. National data on the prescribing of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies, or factors influencing the prescribing of therapies for constipation are limited.AIMS : This study was designed to (1) identify prescribing patterns for constipation, and (2) determine associations between prescribing patterns and demographic variables among US outpatients.METHODS : This was a retrospective cross-sectional study utilizing data from the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) from 1997 to 2006 on constipation treatment trends across different age groups. Information collected from each visit included demographic data, pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic therapies for constipation. To assess for trends, the data for 1997-2001 and 2002-2006 were compared.RESULTS : A total of 52.7 million patient visits were related to constipation. Treatments prescribed were medication and nonpharmacologic therapies for 17% of visits, medications for 21%, nonpharmacologic therapies for 23%, and no therapy for 39%. From 1997-2001 to 2002-2006, the prescribing of medications increased 12% and nonpharmacologic therapies decreased 6%; hyperosmolars increased 15% and saline laxatives decreased 3%. Within the age groups, factors associated with prescribing included gender, ethnicity, race, physician specialty, and region.CONCLUSIONS : Prescribing of medications increasingly replaced nonpharmacologic therapies. Hyperosmolars were prescribed most frequently and increased over time.
PMID: 20397053