|
|
char = T;code = 84
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char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
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char = d;code = 100
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char = a;code = 97
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char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
result sql = The effect of treatment with bisoprolol-first versus enalapril-first on cardiac structure and function in heart failure.
The effect of treatment with bisoprolol-first versus enalapril-first on cardiac structure and function in heart failure.char = <;code = 60
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char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = A;code = 65
char = C;code = 67
char = K;code = 75
char = G;code = 71
char = R;code = 82
char = O;code = 79
char = U;code = 85
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
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char = I;code = 73
char = B;code = 66
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
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char = I;code = 73
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char = i;code = 105
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char = h;code = 104
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char = <;code = 60
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = .;code = 46
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = W;code = 87
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 3;code = 51
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
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char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
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char = P;code = 80
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
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char = .;code = 46
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char = F;code = 70
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char = m;code = 109
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = m;code = 109
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
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char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ,;code = 44
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = .;code = 46
char = 9;code = 57
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
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result sql = BACKGROUND : In CIBIS III, initiating chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment with bisoprolol (target dose 10 mg q.d.) followed by combination therapy with enalapril (target dose 10 mg b.i.d.), compared to the opposite order, showed similar effects on survival and hospitalization. By echocardiography, we evaluated the effects of these treatment strategies on cardiac structure and function.
METHODS : In a single-centre substudy, we compared the impact on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and ejection fraction (EF) of treatment with bisoprolol-first (n=21) and enalapril-first (n=19) in 40 beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor naive patients, with stable, mild or moderate CHF (NYHA II-III) and LVEF ≤35%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, after the 6-month monotherapy phase and after 12 months, i.e. after 6 months combination therapy.
RESULTS : Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. After 6 months LVEF increased by 5.1±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) with Bisoprolol and 4.0±4.0 EF-% (P=0.0005), with enalapril (between-group P=0.47). LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased by 8.1±4.7 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol and by 4.6±8.2 ml (P=0.03) with enalapril (between-group P=0.16). Mean wall thickness (WT) decreased by 0.31±0.43 mm (P=0.004) with bisoprolol and by 0.18±0.48 mm (P=0.11) with enalapril (between-group P=0.29). From baseline to 12 months, LVEF increased by 7.5±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) in Bisoprolol first group and 6.0±4.6 EF-% (P<0.0001), in the enalapril first group (between-group P=0.31). LVEDV decreased by 12.9±6.3 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol-first and by 7.9±7.7 ml (P=0.0006) with enalapril-first (between-group P=0.16) and WT decreased by 0.38±0.44 mm (P=0.0008) and 0.59±0.54 mm (P=0.0004), respectively (between-group P=0.10).
CONCLUSION : During both monotherapy and combined therapy, bisoprolol-first and enalapril-first similarly reversed cardiac remodelling and improved LVEF.
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result sql = The effect of treatment with bisoprolol-first versus enalapril-first on cardiac structure and function in heart failure.
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char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = j;code = 106
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = =;code = 61
char = 2;code = 50
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = -;code = 45
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = n;code = 110
char = =;code = 61
char = 1;code = 49
char = 9;code = 57
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = -;code = 45
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = -;code = 45
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = H;code = 72
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = N;code = 78
char = Y;code = 89
char = H;code = 72
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = -;code = 45
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 8;code = 56
char = 8;code = 56
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;;code = 59
char = 3;code = 51
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = -;code = 45
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = .;code = 46
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = B;code = 66
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = -;code = 45
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = D;code = 68
char = V;code = 86
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 7;code = 55
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
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char = <;code = 60
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = 8;code = 56
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = P;code = 80
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char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
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char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
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char = l;code = 108
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char = b;code = 98
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char = w;code = 119
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char = e;code = 101
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char = -;code = 45
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char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
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char = P;code = 80
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
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char = .;code = 46
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char = M;code = 77
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char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = (;code = 40
char = W;code = 87
char = T;code = 84
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
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char = b;code = 98
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 3;code = 51
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char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 3;code = 51
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 4;code = 52
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
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char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 8;code = 56
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 7;code = 55
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 8;code = 56
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;;code = 59
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
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char = P;code = 80
char = =;code = 61
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 2;code = 50
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char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
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char = m;code = 109
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char = b;code = 98
char = a;code = 97
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char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
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char = m;code = 109
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char = h;code = 104
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
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char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
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char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
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char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
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char = 7;code = 55
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 1;code = 49
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char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = 4;code = 52
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
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char = %;code = 37
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
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char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
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char = B;code = 66
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
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char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
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char = 0;code = 48
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char = 1;code = 49
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = .;code = 46
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char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
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char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
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char = s;code = 115
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char = D;code = 68
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char = m;code = 109
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = f;code = 102
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = 7;code = 55
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = u;code = 117
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char = P;code = 80
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = W;code = 87
char = T;code = 84
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char = c;code = 99
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char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
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char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
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char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
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char = <;code = 60
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char = a;code = 97
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = V;code = 86
char = E;code = 69
char = F;code = 70
char = .;code = 46
result sql = BACKGROUND : In CIBIS III, initiating chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment with bisoprolol (target dose 10 mg q.d.) followed by combination therapy with enalapril (target dose 10 mg b.i.d.), compared to the opposite order, showed similar effects on survival and hospitalization. By echocardiography, we evaluated the effects of these treatment strategies on cardiac structure and function.
METHODS : In a single-centre substudy, we compared the impact on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and ejection fraction (EF) of treatment with bisoprolol-first (n=21) and enalapril-first (n=19) in 40 beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor naive patients, with stable, mild or moderate CHF (NYHA II-III) and LVEF ≤35%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, after the 6-month monotherapy phase and after 12 months, i.e. after 6 months combination therapy.
RESULTS : Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. After 6 months LVEF increased by 5.1±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) with Bisoprolol and 4.0±4.0 EF-% (P=0.0005), with enalapril (between-group P=0.47). LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased by 8.1±4.7 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol and by 4.6±8.2 ml (P=0.03) with enalapril (between-group P=0.16). Mean wall thickness (WT) decreased by 0.31±0.43 mm (P=0.004) with bisoprolol and by 0.18±0.48 mm (P=0.11) with enalapril (between-group P=0.29). From baseline to 12 months, LVEF increased by 7.5±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) in Bisoprolol first group and 6.0±4.6 EF-% (P<0.0001), in the enalapril first group (between-group P=0.31). LVEDV decreased by 12.9±6.3 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol-first and by 7.9±7.7 ml (P=0.0006) with enalapril-first (between-group P=0.16) and WT decreased by 0.38±0.44 mm (P=0.0008) and 0.59±0.54 mm (P=0.0004), respectively (between-group P=0.10).
CONCLUSION : During both monotherapy and combined therapy, bisoprolol-first and enalapril-first similarly reversed cardiac remodelling and improved LVEF.
Publication: Int. J. Cardiol. 2010 Sep 24 ;144(1)::59-63. :doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2009.04.040.
Publication Date: 2010 Sep 24
Study Author(s): van de Ven, Louis L M;van Veldhuisen, Dirk J;Goulder, Michael;Zilahi, Zsolt;Meyer, Wilfried R;Willenheimer, Ronnie;
Institution: Clinquest Europe, Oss, Netherlands.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2010 Sep 24
Study Author(s): van de Ven, Louis L M;van Veldhuisen, Dirk J;Goulder, Michael;Zilahi, Zsolt;Meyer, Wilfried R;Willenheimer, Ronnie;
Institution: Clinquest Europe, Oss, Netherlands.
Shortcut link to this study:
BACKGROUND : In CIBIS III, initiating chronic heart failure (CHF) treatment with bisoprolol (target dose 10 mg q.d.) followed by combination therapy with enalapril (target dose 10 mg b.i.d.), compared to the opposite order, showed similar effects on survival and hospitalization. By echocardiography, we evaluated the effects of these treatment strategies on cardiac structure and function.
METHODS : In a single-centre substudy, we compared the impact on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and ejection fraction (EF) of treatment with bisoprolol-first (n=21) and enalapril-first (n=19) in 40 beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor naive patients, with stable, mild or moderate CHF (NYHA II-III) and LVEF ≤35%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, after the 6-month monotherapy phase and after 12 months, i.e. after 6 months combination therapy.
RESULTS : Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. After 6 months LVEF increased by 5.1±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) with Bisoprolol and 4.0±4.0 EF-% (P=0.0005), with enalapril (between-group P=0.47). LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased by 8.1±4.7 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol and by 4.6±8.2 ml (P=0.03) with enalapril (between-group P=0.16). Mean wall thickness (WT) decreased by 0.31±0.43 mm (P=0.004) with bisoprolol and by 0.18±0.48 mm (P=0.11) with enalapril (between-group P=0.29). From baseline to 12 months, LVEF increased by 7.5±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) in Bisoprolol first group and 6.0±4.6 EF-% (P<0.0001), in the enalapril first group (between-group P=0.31). LVEDV decreased by 12.9±6.3 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol-first and by 7.9±7.7 ml (P=0.0006) with enalapril-first (between-group P=0.16) and WT decreased by 0.38±0.44 mm (P=0.0008) and 0.59±0.54 mm (P=0.0004), respectively (between-group P=0.10).
CONCLUSION : During both monotherapy and combined therapy, bisoprolol-first and enalapril-first similarly reversed cardiac remodelling and improved LVEF.
METHODS : In a single-centre substudy, we compared the impact on left ventricular (LV) dimensions and ejection fraction (EF) of treatment with bisoprolol-first (n=21) and enalapril-first (n=19) in 40 beta-blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme-inhibitor naive patients, with stable, mild or moderate CHF (NYHA II-III) and LVEF ≤35%. Echocardiography was performed at baseline, after the 6-month monotherapy phase and after 12 months, i.e. after 6 months combination therapy.
RESULTS : Baseline characteristics were similar across treatment groups. After 6 months LVEF increased by 5.1±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) with Bisoprolol and 4.0±4.0 EF-% (P=0.0005), with enalapril (between-group P=0.47). LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) decreased by 8.1±4.7 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol and by 4.6±8.2 ml (P=0.03) with enalapril (between-group P=0.16). Mean wall thickness (WT) decreased by 0.31±0.43 mm (P=0.004) with bisoprolol and by 0.18±0.48 mm (P=0.11) with enalapril (between-group P=0.29). From baseline to 12 months, LVEF increased by 7.5±4.0 EF-% (P<0.0001) in Bisoprolol first group and 6.0±4.6 EF-% (P<0.0001), in the enalapril first group (between-group P=0.31). LVEDV decreased by 12.9±6.3 ml (P<0.0001) with bisoprolol-first and by 7.9±7.7 ml (P=0.0006) with enalapril-first (between-group P=0.16) and WT decreased by 0.38±0.44 mm (P=0.0008) and 0.59±0.54 mm (P=0.0004), respectively (between-group P=0.10).
CONCLUSION : During both monotherapy and combined therapy, bisoprolol-first and enalapril-first similarly reversed cardiac remodelling and improved LVEF.
PMID: 19481278
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