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|
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result sql = Adjuvant effects of Astragalus saponins macrophyllosaponin B and astragaloside VII.
Adjuvant effects of Astragalus saponins macrophyllosaponin B and astragaloside VII.char = <;code = 60
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char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = g;code = 103
char = G;code = 71
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = g;code = 103
char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = g;code = 103
char = G;code = 71
char = 2;code = 50
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
result sql = AIM OF THE STUDY : The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hemolytic activities of two immunomodulator Astragalus saponins [Macrophyllosaponin B (MacB) from Astragalus oleifolius DC. and Astragaloside VII (Ast VII) from Astragalus trojanus Stev.], and their adjuvant potentials on the cellular and humoral immune responses of Swiss albino mice against BSA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The hemolytic activity of Mac B and Ast VII was determined using 0.5% rabbit red blood cell. For adjuvant activity, Swiss albino mice were immunized subcutaneously with BSA 100 μg alone or with BSA 100 μg dissolved in saline containing Ast VII (30, 60, 120 and 240 μg), Mac B (30, 60, 90 and 120 μg) or Freund's adjuvant on Days 1 and 15. Sera and splenocytes were collected 2 weeks after the last immunization for concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and BSA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation assay and measurement of BSA-specific antibodies in serum.
RESULTS : Mac B and Ast VII showed a slight hemolytic effect, with 0.42% and 0.54% values, respectively, at the highest concentration of 500 μg/ml. Mac B and Ast VII significantly enhanced the Con A-, LPS-, and BSA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the BSA-immunized mice especially at 120 and 240 μg (P<0.001), and 60, 90 and 120 μg (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001) doses, respectively. BSA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody titers in serum were also significantly enhanced by Ast VII (120 μg), Mac B (90 μg) and Freund's as compared to the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Moreover, the IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the sera were detected using ELISA two weeks after the last immunization. Ast VII and Mac B were also found to stimulate IFN-γ production such as Freund's, two weeks after the last immunization at doses of 120 μg and 90 μg, respectively, as compared to the control.
CONCLUSION : Results show that Ast VII and Mac B generate important specific antibody and cellular response against BSA in mice, proving their potentials as a new class saponin adjuvant.
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Adjuvant effects of Astragalus saponins macrophyllosaponin B and astragaloside VII.
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char = >;code = 62
char = A;code = 65
char = I;code = 73
char = M;code = 77
char = ;code = 32
char = O;code = 79
char = F;code = 70
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = E;code = 69
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = T;code = 84
char = U;code = 85
char = D;code = 68
char = Y;code = 89
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
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char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
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char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
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char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
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char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = [;code = 91
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = B;code = 66
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = C;code = 67
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = j;code = 106
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = .;code = 46
char = ];code = 93
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = A;code = 65
char = T;code = 84
char = E;code = 69
char = R;code = 82
char = I;code = 73
char = A;code = 65
char = L;code = 76
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = N;code = 78
char = D;code = 68
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = E;code = 69
char = T;code = 84
char = H;code = 72
char = O;code = 79
char = D;code = 68
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = b;code = 98
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 5;code = 53
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = S;code = 83
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = );code = 41
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = E;code = 69
char = S;code = 83
char = U;code = 85
char = L;code = 76
char = T;code = 84
char = S;code = 83
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = f;code = 102
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 4;code = 52
char = 2;code = 50
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 5;code = 53
char = 4;code = 52
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 5;code = 53
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = C;code = 67
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = L;code = 76
char = P;code = 80
char = S;code = 83
char = -;code = 45
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 4;code = 52
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 5;code = 53
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = g;code = 103
char = G;code = 71
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = g;code = 103
char = G;code = 71
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = g;code = 103
char = G;code = 71
char = 2;code = 50
char = b;code = 98
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = <;code = 60
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = );code = 41
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = L;code = 76
char = -;code = 45
char = 4;code = 52
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = L;code = 76
char = I;code = 73
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = I;code = 73
char = F;code = 70
char = N;code = 78
char = -;code = 45
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 4;code = 52
char = 7;code = 55
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = F;code = 70
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ';code = 39
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = k;code = 107
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = f;code = 102
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = &;code = 38
char = #;code = 35
char = 9;code = 57
char = 5;code = 53
char = 6;code = 54
char = ;;code = 59
char = g;code = 103
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = .;code = 46
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = r;code = 114
char = /;code = 47
char = >;code = 62
char = <;code = 60
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = C;code = 67
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = C;code = 67
char = L;code = 76
char = U;code = 85
char = S;code = 83
char = I;code = 73
char = O;code = 79
char = N;code = 78
char = ;code = 32
char = :;code = 58
char = ;code = 32
char = <;code = 60
char = /;code = 47
char = b;code = 98
char = >;code = 62
char = R;code = 82
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = V;code = 86
char = I;code = 73
char = I;code = 73
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = B;code = 66
char = S;code = 83
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = .;code = 46
result sql = AIM OF THE STUDY : The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hemolytic activities of two immunomodulator Astragalus saponins [Macrophyllosaponin B (MacB) from Astragalus oleifolius DC. and Astragaloside VII (Ast VII) from Astragalus trojanus Stev.], and their adjuvant potentials on the cellular and humoral immune responses of Swiss albino mice against BSA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The hemolytic activity of Mac B and Ast VII was determined using 0.5% rabbit red blood cell. For adjuvant activity, Swiss albino mice were immunized subcutaneously with BSA 100 μg alone or with BSA 100 μg dissolved in saline containing Ast VII (30, 60, 120 and 240 μg), Mac B (30, 60, 90 and 120 μg) or Freund's adjuvant on Days 1 and 15. Sera and splenocytes were collected 2 weeks after the last immunization for concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and BSA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation assay and measurement of BSA-specific antibodies in serum.
RESULTS : Mac B and Ast VII showed a slight hemolytic effect, with 0.42% and 0.54% values, respectively, at the highest concentration of 500 μg/ml. Mac B and Ast VII significantly enhanced the Con A-, LPS-, and BSA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the BSA-immunized mice especially at 120 and 240 μg (P<0.001), and 60, 90 and 120 μg (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001) doses, respectively. BSA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody titers in serum were also significantly enhanced by Ast VII (120 μg), Mac B (90 μg) and Freund's as compared to the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Moreover, the IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the sera were detected using ELISA two weeks after the last immunization. Ast VII and Mac B were also found to stimulate IFN-γ production such as Freund's, two weeks after the last immunization at doses of 120 μg and 90 μg, respectively, as compared to the control.
CONCLUSION : Results show that Ast VII and Mac B generate important specific antibody and cellular response against BSA in mice, proving their potentials as a new class saponin adjuvant.
Publication: J Ethnopharmacol 2011 Apr 12 ;134(3)::897-903. :doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.01.054.
Publication Date: 2011 Apr 12
Study Author(s): Nalbantsoy, Ayşe;Nesil, Tuna;Erden, Seçil;Calış, Ihsan;Bedir, Erdal;
Institution: Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
Shortcut link to this study:
Publication Date: 2011 Apr 12
Study Author(s): Nalbantsoy, Ayşe;Nesil, Tuna;Erden, Seçil;Calış, Ihsan;Bedir, Erdal;
Institution: Ege University, Faculty of Engineering, Bioengineering Department, 35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey.
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AIM OF THE STUDY : The present study was undertaken to evaluate the hemolytic activities of two immunomodulator Astragalus saponins [Macrophyllosaponin B (MacB) from Astragalus oleifolius DC. and Astragaloside VII (Ast VII) from Astragalus trojanus Stev.], and their adjuvant potentials on the cellular and humoral immune responses of Swiss albino mice against BSA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The hemolytic activity of Mac B and Ast VII was determined using 0.5% rabbit red blood cell. For adjuvant activity, Swiss albino mice were immunized subcutaneously with BSA 100 μg alone or with BSA 100 μg dissolved in saline containing Ast VII (30, 60, 120 and 240 μg), Mac B (30, 60, 90 and 120 μg) or Freund's adjuvant on Days 1 and 15. Sera and splenocytes were collected 2 weeks after the last immunization for concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and BSA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation assay and measurement of BSA-specific antibodies in serum.
RESULTS : Mac B and Ast VII showed a slight hemolytic effect, with 0.42% and 0.54% values, respectively, at the highest concentration of 500 μg/ml. Mac B and Ast VII significantly enhanced the Con A-, LPS-, and BSA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the BSA-immunized mice especially at 120 and 240 μg (P<0.001), and 60, 90 and 120 μg (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001) doses, respectively. BSA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody titers in serum were also significantly enhanced by Ast VII (120 μg), Mac B (90 μg) and Freund's as compared to the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Moreover, the IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the sera were detected using ELISA two weeks after the last immunization. Ast VII and Mac B were also found to stimulate IFN-γ production such as Freund's, two weeks after the last immunization at doses of 120 μg and 90 μg, respectively, as compared to the control.
CONCLUSION : Results show that Ast VII and Mac B generate important specific antibody and cellular response against BSA in mice, proving their potentials as a new class saponin adjuvant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS : The hemolytic activity of Mac B and Ast VII was determined using 0.5% rabbit red blood cell. For adjuvant activity, Swiss albino mice were immunized subcutaneously with BSA 100 μg alone or with BSA 100 μg dissolved in saline containing Ast VII (30, 60, 120 and 240 μg), Mac B (30, 60, 90 and 120 μg) or Freund's adjuvant on Days 1 and 15. Sera and splenocytes were collected 2 weeks after the last immunization for concanavalin A (Con A)-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and BSA-stimulated splenocyte proliferation assay and measurement of BSA-specific antibodies in serum.
RESULTS : Mac B and Ast VII showed a slight hemolytic effect, with 0.42% and 0.54% values, respectively, at the highest concentration of 500 μg/ml. Mac B and Ast VII significantly enhanced the Con A-, LPS-, and BSA-induced splenocyte proliferation in the BSA-immunized mice especially at 120 and 240 μg (P<0.001), and 60, 90 and 120 μg (P<0.05, P<0.01 or P<0.001) doses, respectively. BSA-specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2b antibody titers in serum were also significantly enhanced by Ast VII (120 μg), Mac B (90 μg) and Freund's as compared to the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.001). Moreover, the IFN-γ and IL-4 levels in the sera were detected using ELISA two weeks after the last immunization. Ast VII and Mac B were also found to stimulate IFN-γ production such as Freund's, two weeks after the last immunization at doses of 120 μg and 90 μg, respectively, as compared to the control.
CONCLUSION : Results show that Ast VII and Mac B generate important specific antibody and cellular response against BSA in mice, proving their potentials as a new class saponin adjuvant.
PMID: 21296141
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