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result sql = Protective effect of pomegranate-derived products on UVB-mediated damage in human reconstituted skin.
Protective effect of pomegranate-derived products on UVB-mediated damage in human reconstituted skin.
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char = M;code = 77
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = j;code = 106
char = u;code = 117
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
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char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
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char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = x;code = 120
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 5;code = 53
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = /;code = 47
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = O;code = 79
char = M;code = 77
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 1;code = 49
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = 0;code = 48
char = .;code = 46
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = l;code = 108
char = /;code = 47
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = J;code = 74
char = /;code = 47
char = c;code = 99
char = m;code = 109
char = (;code = 40
char = 2;code = 50
char = );code = 41
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = r;code = 114
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = -;code = 45
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = B;code = 66
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = D;code = 68
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = m;code = 109
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = y;code = 121
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = P;code = 80
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = y;code = 121
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = C;code = 67
char = P;code = 80
char = D;code = 68
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = 8;code = 56
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
char = d;code = 100
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = ';code = 39
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = y;code = 121
char = g;code = 103
char = u;code = 117
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = -;code = 45
char = O;code = 79
char = H;code = 72
char = d;code = 100
char = G;code = 71
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = o;code = 111
char = x;code = 120
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = f;code = 102
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = P;code = 80
char = C;code = 67
char = N;code = 78
char = A;code = 65
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = x;code = 120
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = W;code = 87
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = E;code = 69
char = p;code = 112
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
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char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
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char = i;code = 105
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
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char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
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char = 2;code = 50
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 9;code = 57
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char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
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char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 3;code = 51
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
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char = ;code = 32
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 7;code = 55
char = );code = 41
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = v;code = 118
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char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = M;code = 77
char = M;code = 77
char = P;code = 80
char = -;code = 45
char = 1;code = 49
char = 2;code = 50
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char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = v;code = 118
char = i;code = 105
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
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char = o;code = 111
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = G;code = 71
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = z;code = 122
char = y;code = 121
char = m;code = 109
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = y;code = 121
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
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char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
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char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = o;code = 111
char = d;code = 100
char = u;code = 117
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = b;code = 98
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = U;code = 85
char = V;code = 86
char = B;code = 66
char = -;code = 45
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result sql = Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB (290-320 nm) component, is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects including photoageing and skin cancer. UVB radiation causes DNA damage, protein oxidation and induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Photochemoprevention via the use of botanical antioxidants in affording protection to human skin against UVB damage is receiving increasing attention. Pomegranate, from the tree Punica granatum, contains anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins and possesses strong antioxidant and anti-tumor-promoting properties. In this study, we determined the effect of pomegranate-derived products--POMx juice, POMx extract and pomegranate oil (POMo)--against UVB-mediated damage using reconstituted human skin (EpiDerm(TM) FT-200). EpiDerm was treated with POMx juice (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well), POMx extract (5-10 microg/0.1 ml/well) and POMo (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well) for 1 h prior to UVB (60 mJ/cm(2)) irradiation and was harvested 12 h post-UVB to assess protein oxidation, markers of DNA damage and photoageing by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), (ii) 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), (iii) protein oxidation and (iv) proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. We also found that pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) collagenase (MMP-1), (ii) gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), (iii) stromelysin (MMP-3), (iv) marilysin (MMP-7), (v) elastase (MMP-12) and (vi) tropoelastin. Gelatin zymography revealed that pomegranate-derived products inhibited UVB-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Pomegranate-derived products also caused a decrease in UVB-induced protein expression of c-Fos and phosphorylation of c-Jun. Collectively, these results suggest that all three pomegranate-derived products may be useful against UVB-induced damage to human skin.

Publication: Exp. Dermatol. 2009 Jun ;18(6)::553-61. :doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0625.2008.00829.x.
Publication Date: 2009 Jun
Study Author(s): Afaq, Farrukh;Zaid, Mohammad Abu;Khan, Naghma;Dreher, Mark;Mukhtar, Hasan;
Institution: Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
Shortcut link to this study:
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly its UVB (290-320 nm) component, is the primary cause of many adverse biological effects including photoageing and skin cancer. UVB radiation causes DNA damage, protein oxidation and induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Photochemoprevention via the use of botanical antioxidants in affording protection to human skin against UVB damage is receiving increasing attention. Pomegranate, from the tree Punica granatum, contains anthocyanins and hydrolysable tannins and possesses strong antioxidant and anti-tumor-promoting properties. In this study, we determined the effect of pomegranate-derived products--POMx juice, POMx extract and pomegranate oil (POMo)--against UVB-mediated damage using reconstituted human skin (EpiDerm(TM) FT-200). EpiDerm was treated with POMx juice (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well), POMx extract (5-10 microg/0.1 ml/well) and POMo (1-2 microl/0.1 ml/well) for 1 h prior to UVB (60 mJ/cm(2)) irradiation and was harvested 12 h post-UVB to assess protein oxidation, markers of DNA damage and photoageing by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD), (ii) 8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), (iii) protein oxidation and (iv) proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. We also found that pretreatment of Epiderm with pomegranate-derived products resulted in inhibition of UVB-induced (i) collagenase (MMP-1), (ii) gelatinase (MMP-2, MMP-9), (iii) stromelysin (MMP-3), (iv) marilysin (MMP-7), (v) elastase (MMP-12) and (vi) tropoelastin. Gelatin zymography revealed that pomegranate-derived products inhibited UVB-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities. Pomegranate-derived products also caused a decrease in UVB-induced protein expression of c-Fos and phosphorylation of c-Jun. Collectively, these results suggest that all three pomegranate-derived products may be useful against UVB-induced damage to human skin.
PMID: 19320737

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