char = D;code = 68
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
result sql = Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa.
Devastating decline of forest elephants in central Africa.
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = -;code = 45
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = m;code = 109
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = q;code = 113
char = u;code = 117
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = u;code = 117
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
char = k;code = 107
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = -;code = 45
char = w;code = 119
char = i;code = 105
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = s;code = 115
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = n;code = 110
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = b;code = 98
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = (;code = 40
char = 8;code = 56
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = -;code = 45
char = s;code = 115
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = o;code = 111
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 3;code = 51
char = ,;code = 44
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = k;code = 107
char = m;code = 109
char = ;;code = 59
char = ;code = 32
char = 9;code = 57
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = 6;code = 54
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = e;code = 101
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = -;code = 45
char = d;code = 100
char = a;code = 97
char = y;code = 121
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = f;code = 102
char = i;code = 105
char = e;code = 101
char = l;code = 108
char = d;code = 100
char = w;code = 119
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = k;code = 107
char = );code = 41
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = y;code = 121
char = ;code = 32
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = 6;code = 54
char = 2;code = 50
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = b;code = 98
char = e;code = 101
char = t;code = 116
char = w;code = 119
char = e;code = 101
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 0;code = 48
char = 2;code = 50
char = -;code = 45
char = 2;code = 50
char = 0;code = 48
char = 1;code = 49
char = 1;code = 49
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = a;code = 97
char = x;code = 120
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = o;code = 111
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = 3;code = 51
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = o;code = 111
char = g;code = 103
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = p;code = 112
char = h;code = 104
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = n;code = 110
char = o;code = 111
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 1;code = 49
char = 0;code = 48
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = z;code = 122
char = e;code = 101
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = c;code = 99
char = c;code = 99
char = u;code = 117
char = p;code = 112
char = y;code = 121
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = 2;code = 50
char = 5;code = 53
char = %;code = 37
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = s;code = 115
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = t;code = 116
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
char = ;code = 32
char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = H;code = 72
char = i;code = 105
char = g;code = 103
char = h;code = 104
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = p;code = 112
char = u;code = 117
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
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char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = h;code = 104
char = u;code = 117
char = n;code = 110
char = t;code = 116
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char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = y;code = 121
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = b;code = 98
char = s;code = 115
char = e;code = 101
char = n;code = 110
char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = l;code = 108
char = a;code = 97
char = w;code = 119
char = ;code = 32
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
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char = c;code = 99
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = ,;code = 44
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = o;code = 111
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char = a;code = 97
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char = ;code = 32
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char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
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char = p;code = 112
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char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
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char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
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char = r;code = 114
char = a;code = 97
char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
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char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = u;code = 117
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = s;code = 115
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char = r;code = 114
char = o;code = 111
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = e;code = 101
char = s;code = 115
char = t;code = 116
char = ;code = 32
char = p;code = 112
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = t;code = 116
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
char = s;code = 115
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char = o;code = 111
char = f;code = 102
char = ;code = 32
char = d;code = 100
char = e;code = 101
char = c;code = 99
char = l;code = 108
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = e;code = 101
char = .;code = 46
char = ;code = 32
char = T;code = 84
char = o;code = 111
char = ;code = 32
char = s;code = 115
char = a;code = 97
char = v;code = 118
char = e;code = 101
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char = t;code = 116
char = h;code = 104
char = e;code = 101
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char = r;code = 114
char = e;code = 101
char = m;code = 109
char = a;code = 97
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = i;code = 105
char = n;code = 110
char = g;code = 103
char = ;code = 32
char = A;code = 65
char = f;code = 102
char = r;code = 114
char = i;code = 105
char = c;code = 99
char = a;code = 97
char = n;code = 110
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char = f;code = 102
char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = s;code = 115
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char = i;code = 105
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char = l;code = 108
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char = a;code = 97
char = l;code = 108
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char = p;code = 112
char = o;code = 111
char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = i;code = 105
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char = g;code = 103
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char = f;code = 102
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char = i;code = 105
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char = o;code = 111
char = r;code = 114
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char = d;code = 100
char = ;code = 32
char = e;code = 101
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char = a;code = 97
char = c;code = 99
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char = m;code = 109
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char = i;code = 105
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char = a;code = 97
char = t;code = 116
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char = m;code = 109
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char = e;code = 101
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char = o;code = 111
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char = e;code = 101
char = d;code = 100
char = .;code = 46
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char = I;code = 73
char = n;code = 110
char = ;code = 32
char = a;code = 97
char = d;code = 100
char = d;code = 100
char = i;code = 105
char = t;code = 116
char = i;code = 105
char = o;code = 111
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char = ;code = 32
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result sql = African forest elephants- taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fieldwork) revealed that population size declined by ca. 62% between 2002-2011, and the taxon lost 30% of its geographical range. The population is now less than 10% of its potential size, occupying less than 25% of its potential range. High human population density, hunting intensity, absence of law enforcement, poor governance, and proximity to expanding infrastructure are the strongest predictors of decline. To save the remaining African forest elephants, illegal poaching for ivory and encroachment into core elephant habitat must be stopped. In addition, the international demand for ivory, which fuels illegal trade, must be dramatically reduced.

Publication: PLoS ONE 2013 ;8(3)::e59469. :doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059469.
Publication Date: 2013
Study Author(s): Maisels, Fiona;Strindberg, Samantha;Blake, Stephen;Wittemyer, George;Hart, John;Williamson, Elizabeth A;Aba'a, Rostand;Abitsi, Gaspard;Ambahe, Ruffin D;Amsini, Fidèl;Bakabana, Parfait C;Hicks, Thurston Cleveland;Bayogo, Rosine E;Bechem, Martha;Beyers, Rene L;Bezangoye, Anicet N;Boundja, Patrick;Bout, Nicolas;Akou, Marc Ella;Bene, Lambert Bene;Fosso, Bernard;Greengrass, Elizabeth;Grossmann, Falk;Ikamba-Nkulu, Clement;Ilambu, Omari;Inogwabini, Bila-Isia;Iyenguet, Fortune;Kiminou, Franck;Kokangoye, Max;Kujirakwinja, Deo;Latour, Stephanie;Liengola, Innocent;Mackaya, Quevain;Madidi, Jacob;Madzoke, Bola;Makoumbou, Calixte;Malanda, Guy-Aimé;Malonga, Richard;Mbani, Olivier;Mbendzo, Valentin A;Ambassa, Edgar;Ekinde, Albert;Mihindou, Yves;Morgan, Bethan J;Motsaba, Prosper;Moukala, Gabin;Mounguengui, Anselme;Mowawa, Brice S;Ndzai, Christian;Nixon, Stuart;Nkumu, Pele;Nzolani, Fabian;Pintea, Lilian;Plumptre, Andrew;Rainey, Hugo;de Semboli, Bruno Bokoto;Serckx, Adeline;Stokes, Emma;Turkalo
Institution: Global Conservation Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, United States of America. [email protected]
Shortcut link to this study:
African forest elephants- taxonomically and functionally unique-are being poached at accelerating rates, but we lack range-wide information on the repercussions. Analysis of the largest survey dataset ever assembled for forest elephants (80 foot-surveys; covering 13,000 km; 91,600 person-days of fieldwork) revealed that population size declined by ca. 62% between 2002-2011, and the taxon lost 30% of its geographical range. The population is now less than 10% of its potential size, occupying less than 25% of its potential range. High human population density, hunting intensity, absence of law enforcement, poor governance, and proximity to expanding infrastructure are the strongest predictors of decline. To save the remaining African forest elephants, illegal poaching for ivory and encroachment into core elephant habitat must be stopped. In addition, the international demand for ivory, which fuels illegal trade, must be dramatically reduced.
PMID: 23469289

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